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22考研英语长难句怎么提高精选考研长难句300句,每日一句(考研英语长难句分析每日一句)

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考研英语得阅读得天下,要想搞定阅读,长难句是关键。
长难句在考研英语中占据着特殊的位置,是阅读和翻译考察的重点。考研英语长难句精析300句是雷哥考研根据考研英语真题中 大量出现长句难句的语句特点而精心整理编纂的,针对性集中提高学生应对长难句的能力。
分为三个难度:基础100句、强化100句、 综合解析练习100句。 难度是逐次增加。
目前21考研即将来到,22考研同学已经开始陆续选校定专业跟复习英语,复习英语除了背单词之外,也要开始准备复习语法跟长难句,明年6月份之前,至少要把基本的长难句搞懂,那么考研基础100句就是你很好的练手材料之一。建议要学会长难句的基本分析模式和方法,刚开始不知道怎么分析,可以跟着长难句基础100句来分析学习。



1) actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
结构分析:
状语结构actually, // 主句it // isnt, // 原因状语从句because // it // assumes // 宾语从句that there // is // an agreed account of / human rights, // 定语从句which // is // something // 定语从句(省略that)the world // does not have.
词义推敲:
it isn’t = it isn’t a useful, ground-clearing way to start.译作“事实并非如此”也能得分。
it主语代词,根据上下文意思这种问法,这种说法。
because it assumes
it 指代“这种问题”,是第二次提及,所以可以译作“它”。
assume:to take for granted; suppose 想当然;以为
an agreed account of human rights:对于人权的约定的看法,共同的认识
human rights 人的权利,人权
account:careful thought 仔细考虑
which 指代“agreed account”
参考译文:
事实并非如此,因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同的认识为基础的,而这种共同认识并不存在。
这种问法不恰当,因为这种问法假设人们对人权有共同的认识,这种共同的认识是(世界上)没有的。
得分重点:
原因状语从句,宾语从句,省略结构



2 some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.
结构分析:
主句some philosophers // argue // 宾语从句that rights // exist // only within a social contract, // 介词短语作非限制性定语as // part of / an exchange of / duties and entitlements.
词义推敲:
argue:to attempt to prove by reasoning; maintain or contend 坚持,主张列举证明极力列举理由以证明;坚持或主张
social contract 社会契约
contract:an agreement between two or more parties, especially one that is written and enforceable by law 合同,契约两个或两个以上当事人之间达成的一种协议,尤指具有法律效力的书面协议
as part of 作为(是)……的一部分
exchange:to give in return for something received; trade 交换,交易给…以作为收到某物的回报;贸易
duties and entitlements:权利和义务
entitle:to furnish with a right or claim to something 给…权利或给…资格
参考译文:
有些哲学家论证说,(权利只存在社会契约中,是责任与利益相交换的一部分/权利作为责任与权益相交换的一部分只存在于社会契约当中)。
得分重点:
宾语从句 ,as的用法, 多重后置定语
3) it leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.
结构分析:
简单句it // leads the discussion to // extremes // 介词短语作状语结构at the outset: // 复合句it // invites you to // think // 宾语从句that animals // 被动结构should be treated // 并列结构1 either 介词短语作方式状语with the consideration // 定语从句省略结构(that)humans // extend to // other humans, // 并列结构2 or // 介词短语作方式状语 with no consideration at all.
词义推敲:
it 指代“the point”(这种观点,这种说法)。
lead:to guide or direct in a course 导引在一方向牵引或指
extreme:极端
at the outset 从一开始 = at the start / beginning
invites you to think 使人们认为
invite:to tend to bring on; provoke 引起;招致
that animals should be treated 它使人们认为应该这样对待动物
treat:to act or behave in a specified manner toward 对待对…以某种特定的方式行动或表现
consideration:thoughtful concern for others; solicitude 关心对他人的体贴关心;担忧
humans extend to other humans 人对待人
extend:to make available; provide 可用;提供
参考译文:
这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端,它使人们认为应这样对待动物:(要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅,要么完全冷漠无情/要么像人类对待自己一样去关心动物,要么一点也不关心)。
得分重点:
宾语从句,被动结构,并列结构,定语从句,省略结构
4) arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
结构分析:
4) 分词短语作状语arguing from // the view // 同位语从句that humans // are different from // animals // 介词短语作状语结构in every relevant respect, // 主句extremists / 后置定语of this kind // (指代关系)think // 宾语从句that animals // lie outside // the area of / moral choice.
词义推敲:
arguing from the view 从……观点看,持……观点
be different from... 与……不同
in every relevant respect 在各相关方面
respect:a particular aspect, feature, or detail 某方面某个方面、某种特征或细节
relevant:having a bearing on or connection with the matter at hand 相关联的和手头的事务有关系或关联的
extremists 极端主义者,持极端观点的人
lie outside the area of moral choice:不在道德问题范围,与道德取舍无关
参考译文:
这类人持极端看法,认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同,(因此他们认为)对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
得分重点:
同位语从句,宾语从句
5) when that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
结构分析:
时间状语从句when // that // happens, // 并列结构1 it // is not // a mistake: // 并列结构2 it // is // mankinds instinct // 介词短语作后置定语for moral reasoning / in action, // 独立主格结构an instinct // 定语从句that // should 并列结构11 被动结构be encouraged // rather than // 并列结构22 省略结构(be)laughed at.
词义推敲:
that (代词作主语)联系上下文应该译为“当人们产生同情心的时候”
it 两个“it”都指代“when that happens”,译作“这”。
mankinds instinct for moral reasoning 人类道德推理的本能
instinct:an inborn pattern of behavior that is characteristic of a species and is often a response to specific environmental stimuli 本能一种天生的行为方式,其因物种不同而各异,通常是对某一具体环境刺激的反应
reasoning:推理
in action 起作用
rather than 而不
参考译文:
当发生这种情况,这并没有错:/这种反应并不错,这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用,这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄。
得分重点:
时间状语从句,并列结构,同位语结构,定语从句,比较结构
6 but even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
结构分析:
状语结构but // even more important, // 主句it // was // the farthest省略结构(strip of enormous cosmic clouds) // 定语从句that scientists // had been able to / look into // the past, // 原因状语从句for // 从句的主语从句what // they // were seeing //

谓语were // the patterns and structures 省略结构(of cosmic clouds) // 定语从句that // existed // 15 billion years ago.
词义推敲:
even more important 更为重要的是
it was the farthest 这是最遥远的宇宙云
it 由于有“the farthest”作表语,所以译作“这”。
the farthest 等于“the farthest strip of enormous cosmic clouds”
look into 观察,调查,浏览
what they were seeing
they 指代“scientists”,可以译作“他们”。
the patterns and structures(of cosmic clouds)(宇宙云的)形状和结构
15 billion years ago 150亿年前
参考译文:
但更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的(景象/宇宙云),因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
得分重点:
省略结构,定语从句,原因状语从句,主语从句
7 the existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the big bang, first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
结构分析:
主句the existence of // the giant 省略结构(cosmos)clouds //被动结构was virtually required for // the big bang, // 插入结构first put forward // in the 1920s, // 不定式作状语to maintain // its reign // 介词短语作后置定语as the dominant explanation of / the cosmos.
词义推敲:
the giant (cosmos)clouds 巨大的(宇宙)云
virtually required for:必不可少
virtual:existing or resulting in essence or effect though not in actual fact, form, or name 实质上的,实际上的虽然没有实际的事实、形式或名义,但在实际上或效果上存在或产生的
the big bang 大爆炸理论
first put forward 首创的,开始提出的
in the 1920s 二十世纪二十年代
to maintain its reign as 以保持……的地位
maintain:to keep up or carry on; continue 维持或保持;继续
its 指代“the big bang”,译作“它的”
reign:dominance or widespread influence 主宰占统治地位的或者广泛的影响
as the dominant explanation of cosmos 作为对宇宙(起源论)的主要解释
dominant:exercising the most influence or control 支配的最有影响的或支配的
参考译文:
巨大的宇宙云的存在,实际上是使20年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所必不可少的。
得分重点:
省略结构,被动结构,插入结构
8astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the south pole and balloon borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings soon.
结构分析:
主语astrophysicists // 分词短语作后置定语working with // 并列结构1 ground-based detectors / 后置定语at the south pole // and 并列结构2 balloon-borne instruments // 并列结构11 are closing in on // such structures, // 并列结构22 and may report // their findings soon.
词义推敲:
astrophysicist:天体物理学家,天文物理学家
working with 使用,以……为工作手段
ground-based detectors 以地面为基础的探测器,陆基探测器
ground-based = based on the ground
ground-bases detectors:陆基探测器
balloon-borne instruments 球载仪器
are closing in on 正越来越近
such structures 云系
findings a conclusion reached after examination or investigation 结果,结论检查或调查后得出的结果。我们可以翻译为观测结果
参考译文:
天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器/使用南极陆基探测器以及球载仪器工作的天体物理学家,正越来越近地观测这些云系,也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。
得分重点:
并列结构,分词短语
9 if the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea, a refinement of the big bang called the inflationary universe theory.
结构分析:
条件状语从句if // the small hot spots // look as // 省略结构(they were)expected, // 主句that // will be // a triumph // 介词短语作状语结构for yet another scientific idea, // 同位语结构a refinement of / the big bang // 分词短语作后置定语called // the inflationary universe theory.
词义推敲:
the small hot spots 小热点
look as expected = look as they (hot spots) were expected或者look as we (scientists) expected,译作“看上去正如所料”。
triumph:the fact of being victorious; victory or conquest 胜利,得胜胜利的事实,胜利或征服
yet:表示强调,译作“再,还,又”
refinement 更完美,提炼,改进,相当于原文中的“better the
called:作后置定语,译作“所谓的……”,“人们称之为……”
the inflationary universe theory 宇宙膨胀说/理论
inflation:the act of inflating or the state of being inflated 充气充填气体的动作或被充气的状态
参考译文:
假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致,那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利,这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论,(亦称/即所谓的)宇宙膨胀说。
得分重点:
条件状语从句,同位语结构,省略结构
10 odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
结构分析:
倒装的让步状语从句odd // though // it sounds, // 并列结构1 省略结构cosmic inflation 省略结构(theory)// is // 多重定语a scientifically plausible consequence / of some respected ideas / in elementary-particle physics, // 并列结构2 and many astrophysicists // 被动结构have been convinced // 时间状语for the better part of a decade // 宾语从句that it // is // true.
参考译文:
得分重点:
词义推敲:
odd though it sounds:倒装结构。 还原为:though it sounds odd 虽然听似奇特。
odd:奇特,古怪
it 指代“cosmic inflation”(宇宙膨胀说)
cosmic inflation = inflationary universe theory /cosmic inflation theory 宇宙膨胀说
a scientifically plausible consequence / of some respected ideas / in elementary-particle physics:基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。
scientifically plausible consequence 科学上可信的推论
in elementary-particle physics 基本粒子物理学,关键词“physics”。
respected ideas 公认的理论,权威理论
plausible:seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; credible 看似真实的,看似有道理的看起来或表面上正确的、可能的或可接受的;可靠的
convince:to bring by the use of argument or evidence to firm belief or a course of action 说服通过进行辩论或者提供证据使…确信或使…采取某种行为
for the better part of a decade 七八年来
better = greater大部分
参考译文:
宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特,但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七八年来一直认为(这一论说/宇宙膨胀说)是正确的。
得分重点:
倒装结构,让步状语从句,并列结构,被动结构,宾语从句,多重定语结构
11) while there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
结构分析:
让步状语从句while // there // are // almost 并列结构1 as many // definitions of history // 并列结构2 as // there // are // historians, // 主句modern practice // most closely conforms to // one // (指代关系) 定语从句that // sees history as // the attempt // 多重定语to recreate / and 省略结构(to)explain // the 前置定语significant events / 介词短语作后置定语of the past.
词义推敲:
while 虽然,尽管
as many … as … 和……一样多,多达……
modern practice 现代实践
practice:a habitual or customary action or way of doing something 习惯习惯性或惯例性的行为或办事方式
most closely conforms to 最符合于
conform:to correspond in form or character; be similar 一致在形式或特征上相符;相似
one:指代“definition”,译作“一个定义”。
attempt:an effort or a try 企图或努力
to recreate 再现,重现(不能说重新创造历史)
events 事件,结合上下文引申为史实
参考译文:
几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定,但现代实践最符合其中一个定义,这个定义把历史学看来是试图再现和解释过去的重大历史事件.
得分重点
让步状语从句,并列结构,定语从句,省略结构
12) interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
结构分析:
主语interest // 多重定语in historical methods // 谓语has arisen // 并列结构1 less through // 多重定语external challenge / to the validity of / history / as an intellectual discipline // 并列结构2 and more from // 多重定语internal quarrels / among historians themselves (指代关系).
词义推敲:
interest in historical methods (人们)对历史(研究)方法的关注(兴趣)
less through … and more from … “更少是通过……更多是来自……”没有“与其说是因为……不如说是因为……”好。
through 和from意思相同
external:外部的,客观的
challenge:a demand for explanation or justification; a calling into question 质疑要求解释或证明为正当;质疑
validity 真实性,正确性,效度
reliability信度
as an intellectual discipline作为一门学问/学科
intellectual:appealing to or engaging the intellect 知性的需用或使用智力的
discipline:a branch of knowledge or teaching 学科;科目知识或教学的分支
internal quarrels 内部意见不统一,内部分歧
参考译文:
人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论,主要是因为史学界内部意见不一,其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问/与其说是因为外部对于历史作为一门只是学科有效性的质疑,还不如说是因为历史学家自己内部的争论。
得分重点
并列结构,多重定语
13) during this transfer , traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
结构分析:
状语结构during // this transfer, // 主句traditional historical methods // 被动结构were augmented // by 多重定语additional methodologies / designed to interpret / the new forms of / evidence / 介词短语作后置定语in the historical study.
词义推敲:
this transfer:这个转变。
transfer:(instance of) transferring or being transferred 转移,调动,转变
were augmented by:增加了
augment 充实,补充
additional methodologies 新方法
methodology:方法,方法论
designed to用来/旨在
the new forms of evidence 新的证据形式,根据上下文意译为在历史学研究中的新史料
in the historical study 在研究历史时
参考译文:
在这种转变中,历史学家研究历史时,那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
得分重点
被动结构
14 )there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.
结构分析:
主句there // is // no agreement // 状语从句whether // methodology // 并列结构1 refers to // 多重定语the concepts / peculiar to / historical work / in general // 并列结构2 or // 省略结构(refers)to // 多重定语the research techniques / appropriate to / the various branches of / historical inquiry.
词义推敲:
there is no agreement 人们尚未达成一致意见
agreement 统一的意见,一致看法
whether... or ... 究竟是……还是……
refer to 指
the concepts / peculiar to / historical work / in genera多重后置定语——后浪推前浪。我们翻译为: 一般的历史研究中的特有概念
the research techniques / appropriate to / the various branches of / historical inquiry:重后置定语——后浪推前浪。我们翻译为:历史探究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段
the research techniques 研究手段、手段
historical inquiry 历史探究
the various branches 各个领域
appropriate to 适用于,合适于
参考译文:
所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念,还是指历史探究中各个具体领域使用的研究手段,人们对此意见不一/人们没有一致意见。
得分重点
并列结构,状语从句,省略结构,多重定语
15 ) it applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.
结构分析:
主句it // applies equally 并列结构1 to // traditional historians // 定语从句who (指代关系) // view history as // only the external and intemal criticism of / sources, // 并列结构2 and 省略结构(applies)to // social science historians // 定语从句who // equate their 省略结构(research)activity with // specific techniques.
词义推敲:
it指示代词,联系上下文可以看出是指“technicist fallacy”(这种谬论)。
apply to 适用于
traditional historians 传统历史学家,历史传统派
view history as 把历史看作是
sources 源泉,引申为史料来源
social science historians 社会科学历史学家,历史社科派
their activity 活动,引申为历史学研究活动,历史研究
equate... with 把……等同于,认为……是
specific techniques 具体方法
参考译文:
这种谬论同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派;(前者/历史传统派)认为历史就是史学界内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论,(后者/历史社科派)认为历史的研究是具体方法的研究。
得分重点
并列结构,定语从句,省略结构
英语最难的地方在于坚持,长难句也是一样,必须坚持,哪怕每天进步一点点,1个月,2个月后也会进步很大,如果不能坚持,那么再好的方法跟老师都没有用,这也是为什么很多同学从小学学到大学英语还是很差的原因之一。如果害怕不能坚持,那么找个研友一起互相监督打卡一起度过考研之路。



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