考研英语阅览《经济学人》读译参阅Day2206_the_hunted_-second(考研英语阅读经典文章)--考研网上

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大型哺乳动物不见会致使无脊椎动物削减

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this is scientific american's 60-second science. i'm jason goldman.large mammals can be lost from a particular place, from being hunted or by the destruction of their habitat. and the loss of these big animals can greatly affect the rest of the ecosystem. take elephants: they can leave deep footprints in soil. after it rains, each footprint becomes a tiny pond, which becomes a home to a variety of invertebrates. no elephants means no homes for those critters. so while it's well known that the loss of large mammals can mean bad news, just how pervasive those impacts can be still remains unclear."i spent a lot of time when i was there in these heavily hunted forests. and in these pristine forests — well, relatively pristine forests — they were hunted, they were pretty protected, remember. just walking around, i was noticing that there's a visual difference in the amount of understory vegetation in these areas where the elephants and other large animals like forest buffalo are hunted out. there was a lot more vegetation in the understory, compared to deep within the park, where it was more protected and remote. it was a lot easier to walk around."rice university biologist therese lamperty, who conducted fieldwork in gabon in west central africa."if overhunting is allowing this vegetation to be released from herbivory and trampling, i was imagining that would probably do a lot to the understory environment and the microclimates invertebrate

s are exposed to."

译文

这儿是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。大型哺乳动物可以会因为被猎杀或歇息地遭损坏而从特定的当地不见。大型动物的削减会极大地影响生态体系的其他有些。以大象为例：它们能在土壤中留下深深的足印。下雨后，每个足印都会构成一个小池塘，变成各种无脊椎动物的家乡。没有大象，这些生物就会失掉家乡。因而，尽管众所周知大型哺乳动物削减可所以件坏事，但其影响的广泛程度仍不得而知。“我花了许多时刻待在被许多捕猎的森林里。在初始森林里，实践上是相对初始的森林里，我们在捕猎遭到了极好的维护。在森林里四处走动时我留心到，在大象和森林水牛等大型动物被猎杀的区域，林下植被的数量存在视觉差异。这些区域的林下植被比公园深处的多得多，而公园深处的受维护程度更高，也更偏僻。在这儿四处走动要简略得多。”赖斯大学的生物学家特雷斯·兰佩蒂说到，他在位于非洲中西部的加蓬进行了实地查询。“假定过度捕猎让林下植被免于被吃掉和被蹂躏，我想这可以会对林下环境和无脊椎动物地址触摸的小气候发生很大影响。”

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so lamperty and her team compared the understory vegetation and biodiversity within hunted and protected areas in northeastern gabon. they discovered that areas with fewer larger mammals indeed had a thicker understory, as lamperty suspected. and there were fewer termites—which is not good.termites help decompose plants and, as a result, are vital for storing carbon underground. they are also food for a variety of predators. the researchers suspect that the lack of elephant dung and trampled brush removed two important sources of nutrition for the social insects. and that led to a huge decline in termite populations, down by more than 99 percent.the results are in the journal biological conservation.but with termites gone, other organisms picked up the slack."the termites and invertebrates on the forest floor that we had been sampling were contributing less to decomposition in the hunted forest. but the overall rate didn't change, so maybe fungus or something else is able to pick up the slack."

译文

因而，兰佩蒂及其团队比照了加蓬东北部打猎区和维护区内的林下植被和生物多样性。他们发现，大型哺乳动物较少的区域的确有较厚的林下植被，这与兰佩蒂所猜测的相同。而且白蚁数量更少，这可不是件功德。白蚁有助于分化植物，因而对地下碳储存至关重要。而且许多动物以白蚁为食。研讨人员猜测，大象排便和遭蹂躏灌木的削减，会致使这种群居昆虫短少两种重要的养分来历。这会致使白蚁数量大幅降低，降幅达99%以上。这项研讨成果宣告在《生物维护》期刊上。但白蚁不见后，其它生物领会加添它们的空缺。“咱们在捕猎森林中采样的地表达蚁和无脊椎动物，它们的分化作用正在削减。但全体功率没有改变，因而真菌等生物体或答应以抵偿这一空缺。”

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in other words, while the community of organisms that break down dead plants is different in hunted versus intact ecosystems, the overall work that they do remained fairly constant. according to lamperty, that means that these ecosystems are equipped to deal with these human-caused changes, at least to a point."invertebrates contribute a lot to nutrient cycling, so that's going to influence how healthy a forest is and its own regeneration processes, which means how much carbon it can store. so that directly affects climate change."our planet has been losing large mammals for a long time, and if current trends continue, some researchers believe the largest terrestrial mammal in 200 years could well be the domestic cow. and we need to understand what that world might look like.thanks for the minute for scientific american's 60-second science. i'm jason goldman.

译文

换言之，尽管分化去世植物的有机体群落在捕猎生态体系和无缺生态体系中的功率不一样，但它们的全体作业仍然恰当平稳。兰佩蒂标明，这意味着这些生态体系至少在必定程度上具有处置这些人为改变的才能。“无脊椎动物对养分循环有很大奉献，因而这会影响森林及其本身再生进程的安康程度，而这会抉择森林的碳储存量。所以这会直接对气候改变发生影响。”长时刻以来，咱们的地球一向在失掉大型哺乳动物，假定当前的趋势持续下去，一些研讨人员认为200年后最大的陆生哺乳动物很可以就是家畜。咱们需要晓得这个世界会变成啥姿势。谢谢我们收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。回来搜狐，查看更多

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