22考研外刊阅读《科学美国人》双语精读版训练--全球新疗法基因...--考研网上

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上期翻译答案

“These resultsareconsistent with the notion that greater wagesmotivateworkers to serve better or that theyincreasethe restaurant’s ability to hire workers who are friendlier and/or more courteous,” says Dinesh Puranam, an assistant professor at the University of Southern California’s Marshall School of Business and one of the study’s co-authors.

“工资越高越能激励员工提供更优质的服务，或者越能增加餐馆雇佣更友好和/或更有礼貌的员工的能力，上述项研究的结果与该观点是一致的。”南加州大学马歇尔商学院的助理教授、该研究的合著者之一迪内希·普拉南说。

《本期内容》

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基因治疗(Gene Therapy)基因治疗是指将人的正常基因或有治疗作用的基因通过一定方式导人人体靶细胞，以纠正基因缺陷或者发挥治疗作用，从而达到治疗疾病的目的。

双语阅读

Gene therapy has come a long way since its first human proof-of-concept trials in the 1990s. The approach—which involves fixing or replacing a disease-causing gene or changing its activity—has recorded some remarkable successes and some devastating missteps. In the past decade those extreme ups and downs haveleveled off, and now gene therapy, in a variety of forms, has begun advancing at a rapid pace.

自上世纪90年代首次人体概念验证试验以来，基因疗法已经取得了长足的进步。包括修复或替换致病基因或改变其活性等疗法，取得了一些显著的成功也包括一些毁灭性的错误。在过去的十年里，那些极端的起起落落已经趋于平稳，现在各种形式的基因治疗已经开始以快速的步态向前发展。

Over the past few years not only has the discipline changed but the very definition of gene therapy has evolved. Today thefieldincludes not just direct, permanent changes to a cell’s DNA but also transient changes to how genes are translated into proteins. Researchers have now reported a number of success stories: they have alleviated some cases of blindness, cured cancers, addressed the underlying cause of sickle cell disease, and begun to treat congenital disorders, such asspinalmuscularatrophy, that might otherwise be lethal.

过去几年里，不仅这门学科发生了变化，基因治疗的定义也在发生变化。如今，该领域不仅包括对细胞的DNA直接、永久的改变，还包括对基因编码形成蛋白质的瞬时改变。研究人员现在已经报道了许多成功的故事：他们减少了失明病例，治愈了癌症病人，找出了镰状细胞病的致病原因，并开始治疗先天性疾病，如脊髓性肌肉萎缩，这种疾病本来可能是致命的。

The history of gene therapy has had a lot to overcome, both in reputation and at the lab bench. Early tragedies led to a scientific reckoning ofsorts—while many researchers turned away from the field entirely, others began to pursue ways to prevent some of the most serious side effects. What has resulted is a

range of newviral vectors, engineered to incorporate their genetic cargo more safely and efficiently into the genome, as well as the rapid adoption and development of other tools, such as the Nobel Prize–winning technique known as CRISPR.

基因治疗的历史有很多需要克服的地方，无论是在声誉上还是在实验台上。早期的悲剧导致了科学清算——尽管许多研究人员完全放弃了这个领域，还有一些人开始寻找方法防止那些极为严重的副作用的发生。取得的成果就是，把一系列新的病毒载体通过精细处理，以更安全、更有效的方式将它们的遗传物整合到基因组中，其他基因工具也得到快速采用和发展，比如获得诺贝尔奖的CRISPR技术。

Gene

therapy has more than compensated for itsshakystart, and the field managed to rehabilitate not only its science but its reputation. Many now associate the approach with the potential for seemingly miraculous cures, an association that can be as harmful as it can be helpful.

翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~现在，许多人把基因疗法与看似神奇的治疗潜力联系在一起，这种联系可能是有害的，也可能是有益的。

For both patients and the public, the potential for such treatments evokes not fear so much as an abundance of hope. And with that hope comes other problems: problems of overexpectation, of affordability and of accessibility. Current gene therapy approaches are pricey and not easily available, both issues that limit their possible reach. Solving these problems may be the field’s next big challenge.

对于患者和公众来说，这种治疗的潜力唤起的希望远大于恐惧。伴随着这种希望而来的是其他问题：期望过高，负担能力和可获得性的问题。目前的基因治疗方法价格昂贵且很难接受治疗，这两个问题都限制了这种疗法潜在应用范围。解决这些问题可能是该领域面临的下一个重大挑战。

本文节选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）

发布时间：2021.10.20

词汇积累

1.field

英 /fi??ld/ 美 /fi??ld/

n. 田野; 领域;场地; 战场; 实地; 信息栏，字段; 视野; 矿田(尤指油田或气田)

v. 使参加竞选，使参加比赛; 处理，回应(电话或请求等); 部署(军队); 担任外场队员；(政党)推出(候选人)参选

adj. 实地的，野外的; (军事装备)轻便机动的，战役用的; (比赛)田赛的

2.spinal

英 /??spa??n??l/ 美 /??spa??n??l/

adj. 脊髓的；(与)中心(有关)的，骨干的; 针的，尖刺的

3.atrophy

英 /????tr??f??/ 美 /????tr??f??/

n.萎缩，萎缩症；发育停止

vi.萎缩；虚脱

4.sort

英 /s????t/ 美 /s????t/

n. 种类，品种; 某一种(或某一类)人; (计算机对信息的)分类，排序; 程度

v. 整理，把……分类，拣选; 妥善处理，安排妥当; 交往; 协调

5.shaky

英 /????e??k??/ 美 /????e??k??/

adj. 颤抖的；不牢靠的，不确切的; 不大出色的

词组搭配

1.level off 趋平；呈平稳状态；把……弄平

2.viral vector 病毒载体

写作句总结

For both patients and the public, the potential for such treatments evokes not fear so much as an abundance of hope.

结构: … evokes not fear so much as an abundance of hope.

…唤起的希望大于恐惧

例句: Facing the challenge bravely evokes not fear so much as an abundance of hope.

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