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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-廊坊职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为word可编辑,若为pdf皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题
10.in1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofeasterneurope(?)europeintoagreatwar.
问题1选项
a.inserted
b.pitched
c.plunged
d.imposed
【答案】c
【解析】考查固定搭配。insert“插入,嵌入”后接in/into/between;pitch“用力扔,投,抛”;plunge“使…陷入(某种状态),把…抛进”,常和介词into搭配使用;impose“迫使,把…强加于”,常和介词on/upon搭配使用。句意:1914年,发生在东欧一个偏僻地区的一件微不足道的小事使欧洲陷入了一场大战。根据题干介词into可知只有c项符合。答案选c。
2.单选题
thecommunityhealthnurseoftennotesthedevastatingeffectsonfamilymembersasthepatient’schronicillnesstakesitscourse.
问题1选项
a.developsgradually
b.deterioratessuddenly
c.recoversultimately
d.recursfrequently
【答案】a
【解析】【选项释义】
a.developsgradually逐渐发展b.deterioratesuddenly突然恶化
c.recoversultimately最终恢复d.recursfrequently频繁发作
【答案】a
【考查点】词组辨析。
【解题思路】根据句意:社区卫生护士经常注意到,家庭成员会受到毁灭性的影响,当病人的慢性疾病……应该是慢性疾病的慢慢发展会给家庭带来毁灭性影响。划线词组takesitscourse“顺其自然”,也就是病程。因此选adevelopsgradually“逐渐发展”与划线词词义相似。
【干扰项排除】
b选项deterioratesuddenly突然恶化,不符合划线词词义;
c选项recoversultimately最终恢复,不符合划线词词义;
d选项recursfrequently频繁发作,不符合划线词词义。
【句意】社区保健护士经常注意到病人的慢性疾病的病程对家庭成员的破坏性影响。
3.翻译题
努力工作和醉心于工作之间有很大的区别。努力工作是指工作有条有理、精力集中,完成许多工作,知道何时歇手,知道除了工作还有生活。而工作狂们常常是缺乏条理,总是寻找理由想做得更多些,没有工作可做时就感到不知所措,想通过工作来逃避问题。他们不知道怎样或何时放松一下,经常把办公室里的活儿带回家里去做,不善于和同事及家人交流沟通。
【答案】there’sabigdistinctionbetweenworkinghardandbeingaworkaholic.workinghardinvolvesbeingorganized,focused,gettingalotofworkdone,knowingwhentostop,andhavingalifeotherthanwork.workaholics,ontheotherhand,areoftendisorganized,alwaysfindreasonsforworkingmore,feellostwithoutworktodo,hidefromproblemsthroughwork,don’tknowhoworwhentorelax,bringworkhomefromtheoffice,can’tcommunicatewellwithfellowworkersandfamilymembers.
4.单选题
?theelderlyrussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate______.
问题1选项
a.pensions
b.earnings
c.salaries
d.donations
【答案】a
【解析】考查名词辨析。a项pension“退休金,抚恤金”,b项earning“收入,所赚的钱”,c项salary“工资”,d项donation“捐款,捐赠物”。根据关键词elderly“老年人”和liveon“靠……生活”可知,空格处填入pension“养老金”符合语境。句意:俄罗斯的老年人发现靠国家养老金生活很困难。因此,该题选择a项正确。
5.单选题
our(?)talkspromisedagoodfutureforourcooperation.
问题1选项
a.interior
b.insurance
c.initial
d.invisible
【答案】c
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。interior“内部的”;insurance“保险”;initial“最初的”;invisible“看不见的”。句意:我们的初次会谈为我们的合作展现了一个好的未来。选项c符合题意。
6.单选题
therewas(?)thatwewereinafix,aswehadnofoodinthecoachandnowater.
问题1选项
a.nodenying
b.notdenying
c.nottobedenied
d.nodenial
【答案】a
【解析】考查固定句型。thereis/wasnodoingsth....意为“无法,不能”。
句意:不可否认我们陷入了困境,因为车上没有食物也没有水。
7.翻译题
由于世界范围内的高校采用越来越以市场为导向的管理模式,为了用可度量的方式来显示自己的价值,学者们所承受的压力也与日俱增。常用的度量方式就是研究成果,研究成果通常是按照发表文章的数量和质量来计算的,而质量则常常由是否有文章被引文索引库(citationindex)所收录来决定。因此,要想在专业上成功,学者们需要写出一系列会被索引引用的文章,当然这些文章很可能是用英语写成。
【答案】asinstitutionsofhigherlearningworldwidehaveadoptedanincreasinglymarket-orientedmodeofmanagement,scholarsarebearingincreasingpressureinordertodemonstratetheirvaluesinameasurablemanner.acommonwayofmeasurementistomeasureresearchfruits,whicharecalculatedinaccordancewiththenumberandqualityofpublishedpapers.butqualityisusuallydeterminedbywhetherapaperisincludedinoneofthecitationindexes.therefore,tosucceedintheirspecialties,scholarsneedtowriteaseriesofpaperscitedinthecitationindexes.ofcourse,thosepapersarelikelytobewritteninenglish.
8.单选题
artificialintelligencedealspartlywiththe()betweenthecomputerandthehumanbrain.
问题1选项
a.profile
b.mighty
c.analogy
d.leakage
【答案】c
【解析】名词辨析。此处指的是电脑和人脑的相似之处。c项analogy(类似,相似)符合句意。
9.写作题
writeontheanswersheetaletterofabout120wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:
youhavejustcomebackfromaninternationalconference.writealettertomr.smith,anamericanscholaryoumetattheconference,to:
1.introduceyourselfandtheuniversitywhereyouwork,
2.invitehimtogivealectureatyouruniversity.
【答案】略
10.单选题
thelittlegirlcouldnot()hercuriositytoseewhatwasinthebox.
问题1选项
a.abstain
b.refrain
c.restrain
d.prevent
【答案】c
【解析】考查动词辨析。a选项abstain“弃权;避免”;b选项refrain“节制;避免;制止”;c选项restrain“抑制;约束;制止”;d选项prevent“预防;阻止”。句意:小女孩……不住她的好奇心,想看看盒子里有什么。与“好奇心”搭配时选用c选项“抑制”更合适。
11.单选题
whenastronautneilarmstrongsetfootonthemoonforthefirsttime,onjuly20,1969,itrepresentedoneofthemostinspiringachievementsinman’shistorytomillionsofpeoplethroughouttheworld.buttoasmallorganizationcalledtheinternationalflatearthresearchsociety,itwasnothingmorethanapieceofcleverlystagemanagedscience-fictiontrickery.
andarmstrong’shistoricwordswhensteppingdownfromtheeaglemodule(宇宙飞船船舱)ontothedustylunarsurfaceabout240,000milesfromearth—“onesmallstepforaman,onegiantleapformankind”—wasaphrasethatcouldhavecomeonlyfromthepenofascriptwriter.
asforthepicturesreputedly(一般被认为地)takeninspaceshowingtheearthtobearotatingsphere,well,theywerejusttooludicrous(可笑的)forwords.thesun,saytheflatearthier,circuitstheearthinsteadoftheearthrevolvingaroundthesun—anotionthatmostpeopletakeforgranted.
thesociety,whosemembershipiscurrentlyestimatedtobeabout1,400,dismissesmuchofacceptedmodernthinkingabouttheshapeoftheearthassheernonsenseandisconvincedthattheentirehumanraceisbeingsubjectedtothegreatesthoax(骗局)inhistory.
fromitsheadquartersinlancaster,california,thesocietywagesawarofwordsthroughnewslettersandpamphletsagainsttheevilsofscience.
thesocietywasfoundedabout1800ingreatbritainandtheunitedstatesand,saysitsamericanpresidentcharlesjohnson,wasdescendedfromthezeteticsociety,whichtookitsnamefromanancientgreekphilosophicalschoolofskeptics.itsurvivedunderthisnameuntil1956,whenitsgeneralsecretary,samuelshelton,ofkent,england,changedthenametothepresenttitle.
thesociety’sbeliefisthis:thattheearthisflat,withthelandmassesgroupedaroundthecentralpointofthenorthpole.
theantarcticregionisnotthecompactislandmassitiscommonlybelievedtobebutanimpenetrableice-coldgirdle(环形物)aroundtheearth.theflatearthierarguethattransantarcticexpeditionshaveneverhappened.explorers,misledbyinstrumentfaults,merelytraveledanicyarewithinthegirdle.
1.totheinternationalflatearthresearchsociety,man’sfirstlandingonthemoonwas______.
2.whichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthesociety?
3.accordingtothesociety’sbelief,______.
4.whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthepassage?
5.thispieceiswritten______.
问题1选项
a.oneofthemostinspiringeventsinman’shistory
b.onlyawell-conductedexperiment
c.justasmartly-performedtrick
d.ascience-fictionpieceproducedbyacertainscriptwriter
问题2选项
a.itnowhasabout1,400members.
b.itsheadquartersareinbothgreatbritainandtheunitedstates.
c.afteritsfoundationin1800,itwascalledthezeteticsociety.
d.in1956,samuelsheltonchangeditsnametothepresenttitle.
问题3选项
a.theearthisflatandthearcticisanimpenetrableice-coldgirdlearoundtheearth
b.theantarcticregionisacompactislandmass
c.someexplorershadmadesuccessfultransantarcticexpeditions
d.muchoftheacceptedmodernthinkingabouttheshapeoftheearthissheernonsense
问题4选项
a.theinternationalflatearthresearchsociety
b.man’sfirstlandingonthemoon
c.thezeteticsociety
d.theevilsofscience
问题5选项
a.inamatter-of-factway
b.inasarcastictone
c.withatouchofirony
d.asajoke
【答案】第1题:c
第2题:b
第3题:d
第4题:a
第5题:c
【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句buttoasmallorganizationcalledtheinternationalflatearthresearchsociety,itwasnothingmorethanapieceofcleverlystagemanagedscience-fictiontrickery.(但是对一个叫做国际扁平地球研究协会的小组织来说,这只不过是一个巧妙的舞台管理的科幻把戏。),说明国际扁平地球研究协会认为人类首次登月是一个巧妙的把戏。因此c选项“只是一个聪明的把戏”正确。a选项“是人类历史上最鼓舞人心的事件之一”,b选项“只是一个精心设计的实验”,d选项“某位编剧制作的科幻作品”均不符合原文,所以a,b,d错误。
2.客观细节题。a选项“它现在有大约1400名成员”,由原文thesociety,whosemembershipiscurrentlyestimatedtobeabout1,400(该学会目前的会员人数估计约有1400人)可知,a选项表述正确,排除a。c选项“在1800年成立后,它被称为探究协会”,由原文thesocietywasfoundedabout1800…wasdescendedfromthezeteticsociety…itsurvivedunderthisname(该协会于1800年左右在英国和美国建立……是探究派的后裔……它一直沿用这个名字)可知,c选项表述正确,排除c。d选项“1956年,塞缪尔?谢尔顿将其名称改为现在的名称”,由原文until1956,whenitsgeneralsecretary,samuelshelton,ofkent,england,changedthenametothepresenttitle.(直到1956年,它的秘书长,来自英国肯特郡的塞缪尔?谢尔顿,把这个名字改为现在的名称。)可知,d选项表述正确,排除d。b选项“它的总部既在英国又在美国”,由原文fromitsheadquartersinlancaster,california(在位于加州兰开斯特的总部)可知,它的总部在美国,b选项不符合原文,所以本题选b。
3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第二句theflatearthierarguethattransantarcticexpeditionshaveneverhappened.(扁平地球论者认为穿越南极的探险从未发生过。),说明该协会不认同地球是一个球体的观点。因此d选项“关于地球形状的许多公认的现代思维完全是无稽之谈”正确。a选项“地球是平的,北极地区是围绕地球的一个不可逾越的冰冷带”,由原文可知,他们指的是南极地区,所以a错误。b选项“南极地区是一个紧凑的岛群”,由原文可知,他们认为南极地区并不像人们通常认为的那样是一个紧凑的岛群,所以b错误。c选项“一些探险家曾成功地进行过跨南极探险”,由原文可知,他们认为穿越南极的探险从未发生过,所以c错误。
4.主旨大意题。结合全文可知,文章首先引入了国际扁平地球研究协会这个组织,接着介绍了他们的一系列观点。因此a选项“国际扁平地球研究协会”符合文章主旨,最适合作为文章标题。b选项“人类首次登月”,c选项“探究学会”只涉及到了文章的部分内容,不能概括文章主旨,所以b,c错误。d选项“科学的弊端”,这是国际扁平地球研究协会的一个观点,不符合文章主旨,所以d错误。
5.观点态度题。结合全文可知,作者看似客观地陈述了该协会的观点,但文章一开始就正面阐明了登月属于鼓舞人心的科学成就,而该协会却持有相反观点,暗含了作者的讽刺之意。因此c选项“带有讽刺意味”正确。a选项“以实事求是的方式”,b选项“以讽刺的口吻”,d选项“作为一个笑话”均不符合题意,所以a,b,d错误。
12.单选题
thebasiccausesareunknown,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeen()?
问题1选项
a.identified
b.guaranteed
c.notified
d.conveyed
【答案】a
【解析】动词辨析。句意:尽管人们已经???可能导致癌症的某些条件,但是仍不知道根本的原因。
identify鉴别,识别;guarantee保证,担保;notify通知,布告;convey传达,传递。所以,a项identify符合句意。
13.单选题
americanuniversitystudentsareexpectedtoabidebythehonorsystem.
问题1选项
a.support
b.obey
c.understand
d.value
【答案】b
【解析】abideby意为遵守,信守。只有选项b与之意思相近。
14.单选题
somescientistshavesuggestedthatearthisakindofzooorwildlife()forintelligentspacebeings,likethewildernessareaswehavesetuponearthtoallowanimalstodevelopnaturallywhileweobservethem.
问题1选项
a.conservation
b.maintenance
c.storage
d.reserve
【答案】d
【解析】考查名词辨析。a选项“野生动植物的保护(抽象概念)”;b选项“维护,保持”;c选项“贮藏(量)”;d选项“自然保护区;居住地”,句意:一些科学家提出,地球是智能太空生物的一种动物园或野生动物(),就像我们在地球上设立的荒野区,让动物在我们观察时自然发展。本句表示“wildlifereserve是野生动植物保护区(具体概念)”,因此d选项符合题意。
15.单选题
anearrevolutionhasoccurredoverthepastdecadeinourunderstandingoftheimpactsofclimatechange.boththenaturalscienceandtheeconomicsunderlyingpredictionsofclimate-changeimpactshavealtereddramatically.climatescientistshavereducedthemagnitudeofpredictedwarming,suggestingmilderfutureclimatescenarios.ecologistshaveshiftedfrompredictingecosystemcollapsetopredictingthatnetprimaryproductivitywilllikelyincreaseoverthelongrun.andeconomistsarenolongerpredictinglargedamages,butratheramixtureofdamagesandbenefits.
thesechangesaresodramaticthatitisnotclearwhethertheneteconomiceffectsfromclimatechangeoverthenextcenturywillbeharmflilorhelpful.thenewresearchfurthersuggeststhateffectsarelikelytovaryacrosstheplanet.wenowexpecttemperateandpolarcountriestoenjoysmalleconomicgains,whereastropicalcountriesaremorelikelytosuffereconomiclosses.
ofcourse,wehavenotbanishedalluncertainty,whichwillalwayshauntfutureprojectionsofoutcomes.thedynamicsofecosystemsarepoorlyunderstood;carboncyclesmaychangeovertime;polaricemaygenerateunwelcomesurprises;andtheeffectsofchangeontropicalregionshavenotyethadthethoroughstudytheyrequire.nonetheless,therecentscientificandeconomicfindingscreateanewperspectiveonthegreenhouse-gasproblem,andthisnewvision,inturn,callsfornewstrategiesandnewpoliticaloutcomes.
thereductionindamage-estimatesremovestheurgencytoengageincostlycrashabatementprograms.ourinitialperspectiveongreenhousegasessuggestedthatwewererapidlyapproachingtheedgeofacliff.thosefearsnowappearunfounded,fortheimpactsfromclimatewarmingseemtoberelativelysmallforthenextcentury.therewillbedamagestobesure,buttheywillbeoffsetbybenefits.thenetexpectedeffectnowisclosertozeroratherthanto2percentofgdp.asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.
1.theoverallpurposeofthepassageisto(?).
2.theauthorsuggeststhatthe“newperspective”(para.3)istheresultofashiftfrom
(?).??
3.theauthorofthepassagewouldmostlikelyagreethat
(?).??
4.theauthorassumesthatthereader(?).
问题1选项
a.pointoutflawsincurrentmethodsofclimateanalysis
b.raiseawarenessofthepotentiallydevastatingimpactofglobalwarming
c.proposesanewmethodforstudyingtheeffectsofglobalwarming
d.suggestpolicychangesinlightofrecentscientificfindings
问题2选项
a.scientificanalysistoeconomicanalysis
b.dreadfulpredictionstomoderatepredictions
c.afocusonthepasttoafocusinthefuture
d.afocusonpolarregionstoafocusontropicalregions
问题3选项
a.governmentsshouldactswiftlytocurbgreenhousegasemissions
b.itisunclearwhethercarbondioxidecontributestoglobalwarming
c.economicanalysisshouldbeconsideredwhenformulatingapolicyfordealingwithglobalwarming
d.theimpactsfromglobalwarmingwillbeveryhighinthecomingcentury
问题4选项
a.isconcernedmorewiththebenefitsofpoliciesthantheircosts
b.isconcernedwithcurbingtheemissionsofgreenhousegases
c.iswillingtoconsiderlong-termeconomiceffects
d.hasaweaknessforinefficientcarsandappliance
【答案】第1题:d
第2题:b
第3题:c
第4题:c
【解析】1.判断推理题。定位到最后一段中“asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.因此,新的减排政策应着眼长远,而且应是廉价和具有成本效益的。”可知与d项“政策的改变应以最近的科学发现为依据”正确。a项“指出当前气候分析方法的不足”;b项“提高对全球变暖潜在破坏性影响的认识”;c项“提出了一种研究全球变暖影响的新方法”d项“根据最近的科学发现建议政策的改变”。
2.细节事实题。定位到第三段中的nonetheless,therecentscientificandeconomicfindingscreateanewperspectiveonthegreenhouse-gasproblem...尽管如此,最近的科学和经济发现温室气体问题上有一个新的视角。可知newperspective是由于therecentscientificandeconomicfindings而产生的,结合第一段中“climatescientistshavereducedthemagnitudeofpredictedwarming,…ecologistshaveshiftedfrompredictingecosystemcollapsetopredictingthatnetprimaryproductivitywilllikelyincreaseoverthelongrun.andeconomistsarenolongerpredictinglargedamages,butratheramixtureofdamagesandbenefits.气候科学家已经降低了预测的变暖幅度……生态学家已经从预测生态系统崩溃转向预测,净初级生产力可能会长期增加。经济学家们不再预测损失会很大,而是预测损失和收益的混合体。可知b项“从可怕的预测到温和的预测”相符。
3.判断推理题。定位到最后一段中“asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.因此,新的减排政策应着眼长远,而且应是廉价和具有成本效益的。”可知c项“在制定应对全球变暖的政策时,经济分析应该被考虑到”正确。由“thereductionindamage-estimatesremovestheurgencytoengageincostlycrashabatementprograms.损失估算的减少消除了实施代价高昂的坠机事故消除计划的紧迫性”可知a项“各国政府应迅速采取行动,遏制温室气体排放”不对,b项“目前还不清楚二氧化碳是否对全球变暖有贡献”没有提及。由“thosefearsnowappearunfounded,fortheimpactsfromclimatewarmingseemtoberelativelysmallforthenextcentury.现在看来,这些担忧似乎毫无根据,因为气候变暖对下个世纪的影响似乎相对较小。可知d项“未来一个世纪,全球变暖的影响将是巨大的”不对。
4.判断推理题。由最后一段中“asaconsequence,thenewabatementpoliciesshouldbedesignedforthelongrun,andshouldbeinexpensiveandcost-effective.因此,新的减排政策应该从长远来设计,应该是便宜的和具有成本效益的。可知c项“作者假定读者愿意考虑长期的经济影响”正确。
16.单选题
spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteorsbutalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketontheearth.lightgetsthrough,andthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.heat,too,makesourenvironmentstolerableandsomeultravioletrayspenetratetheatmosphere.cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesyncarescreenedoff.assoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,dopreventalotofradiationdamage.
radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.dosesofradiationaremeasuredinunitscalled“rems”.weallreceiveradiationhereontheearthfromthesun,fromcosmicraysandfromradioactiveminerals.the“normal”doseofradiationthatwereceiveeachyearisabout100millirems(0.1rem);itvariesaccordingtowhereyoulive,andthisisaveryroughestimate.scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthanthiswithoutbeingdamaged;thefigureof60remshasbeenagreed.thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage——apersonmayfeelperfectlywell,butthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamaged,andthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthof(deformed)childrenorevengrandchildren.
earlyspaceprobesshowedthatradiationvariesindifferentpartsofspacearoundtheearth.italsovariesintimebecause,whengreatspurtsofgasshootoutofthesun(solarflares),theyareaccompaniedbyalotofextraradiation.someestimatesoftheamountofradiationinspace,basedonvariousmeasurementsandcalculations,areaslowas10remsperyear,othersareashighas5remsperhour.missionstothemoon(theapolloflights)havehadtocrossthevanallenbeltsofhighradiationand,duringtheoutwardandreturnjourneys,theapollo8crewaccumulatedatotaldoseofabout200milliremsperman.itwashopedthattherewouldnotbeanylargesolarflaresduringthetimesoftheapollomoonwalksbecausethewallsofthelems(lunarexcursionmodules)werenotthickenoughtoprotectthemeninside,thoughthecommandmodulesdidgivereasonableprotection.sofar,nodangerousdosesofradiationhavebeenreported,butthegeminiorbitsandtheapollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.wesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphere,workinginaspacelaboratoryorinabaseonthemoon.drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiation,butnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.
atpresent,radiationseemstobethegreatestphysicalhazardtospacetravelers,butitisimpossibletosayjusthowseriousthehazardwillturnouttobeinthefuture.
1.scientistshavefixedasafetylevelof().
2.thespacemenwereworriedaboutsolarflareswhentheywere().
3.whenmenspendlongperiodsinspacehowwilltheyprotectthemselves?
4.whichofthefollowingistrue?
问题1选项
a.10remsperyear
b.60remsperyear
c.100milliremsperyear
d.5remsperhour
问题2选项
a.crossingthevanallenbelts
b.settingupamoonbase
c.exploringthesurfaceofthemoon
d.waitinginthecommandmodule
问题3选项
a.bytakingspecialdrugs.
b.bywearingspecialsuits.
c.byusingaprotectiveblanket.
d.nosolutionhasbeenfoundyet.
问题4选项
a.thegrandchildrenofastronautsaredeformed.
b.thechildrenofastronautshavedamagedsexorgans.
c.radiationdamagemayshowonlyinlatergenerations.
d.radiationdoesnotseemtobeveryharmful.
【答案】第1题:b
第2题:c
第3题:a
第4题:c
【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】
1.scientistshavefixedasafetylevelof______.1.科学家们确定了______的安全水平。
a.10remsperyeara.每年10雷姆
b.60remsperyearb.每年60雷姆
c.100milliremsperyearc.每年100毫雷姆
d.5remsperhourd.每小时5雷姆
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据第二段倒数第二句“科学家们有理由认为,一个人可以忍受比这多得多的辐射而不受伤害,60雷姆的数字已经商定”,从中可知,科学家们能够确定每年60雷姆是安全水平,b项正确。
【干扰项排除】
a项“每年10雷姆”和d项“每小时5雷姆”为测量的空间辐射量,并不是科学家们确定的安全水平,属于张冠李戴;
c项“每年100毫雷姆”是对我们每年接受的“正常”辐射剂量的粗略估计,不是科学家们的计算,属于张冠李戴。
第2题:2.【选项释义】
2.thespacemenwereworriedaboutsolarflareswhentheywere______.2.宇航员们在______时担心太阳耀斑。
a.crossingthevanallenbeltsa.穿过范艾伦带
b.settingupamoonbaseb.建立月球基地
c.exploringthesurfaceofthemoonc.探索月球表面
d.waitinginthecommandmoduled.在指令舱等待
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据第三段倒数第四句“人们希望在阿波罗号月球行走期间不会有任何大的太阳耀斑,因为月球旅行模块的墙壁不够厚,不足以保护里面的人,尽管指令模块确实提供了合理的保护”,从中可知,宇航员们在探索月球表面时担心太阳耀斑,c项正确。
【干扰项排除】
a项“穿过范艾伦带”和b项“建立月球基地”都是在探索月球表面中做的事情,从属于c项,所以这两项属于以偏概全;
d项“在指令舱等待”没有提到,无中生有。
第3题:3.【选项释义】
3.whenmenspendlongperiodsinspacehowwilltheyprotectthemselves?3.当人长时间待在太空时,他们将如何保护自己?
a.bytakingspecialdrugs.a.通过服用特殊药物。
b.bywearingspecialsuits.b.穿特殊的衣服。
c.byusingaprotectiveblanket.c.用保护性的毯子。
d.nosolutionhasbeenfoundyet.d.目前还没有找到解决办法。
【考查点】事实细节题。
【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“药物可能有助于减少辐射造成的损害,但迄今为止还没有发现真正有效的药物”,从中可知,虽然迄今为止没有找到特效药,但是药物也是有助于减轻射线带来的危害,所以是一种解决办法,a项“通过服用特殊药物”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
b项“穿特殊的衣服”和c项“用保护性的毯子”在文中没有提到,属于无中生有;
d项“目前还没有找到解决办法”根据解题思路可知,该项属于曲解原文。
第4题:4.【选项释义】
4.whichofthefollowingistrue?4.下列哪项是正确的?
a.thegrandchildrenofastronautsaredeformed.a.宇航员的孙辈都是畸形的。
b.thechildrenofastronautshavedamagedsexorgans.b.宇航员的孩子会损坏性器官。
c.radiationdamagemayshowonlyinlatergenerations.c.辐射损伤可能只会在后代中表现出来。
d.radiationdoesnotseemtobeveryharmful.d.辐射似乎不是很有害。
【考查点】推理判断题。
【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“问题是,很难确定辐射是否会造成损害,一个人可能感觉很好,但他或她的性器官细胞可能会受到损害,而且这种损害要等到孩子甚至孙辈出生后才会被发现”,可知,射线的危害程度不好确定,一个人可能感觉正常,但是潜在的危害要在后辈中才能发现,故c项“辐射损伤可能只会在后代中表现出来”符合题意。
【干扰项排除】
a项“宇航员的孙辈都是畸形的”表述太绝对,属于曲解原文;
b项“宇航员的孩子会损坏性器官”,根据解题思路可知,是宇航员的性器官细胞可能会受到损害,该项曲解原文;
d项“辐射似乎不是很有害”,根据第二段第一句“辐射是已知的对太空探索者最大的危险”可知,该项属于反向干扰。??????
17.单选题
icouldn’tfind(),andsoitookthisone.
问题1选项
a.alargeenoughcoat
b.anenoughlargecoat
c.alargecoatenough
d.acoatenoughlarge
【答案】a
【解析】考查副词用法。句意:enough修饰名词时放名词前,如:idon’thaveenoughmoney.修饰形容词或副词时放形容词或副词后,如:youarenotcapableenoughtogetthisposition.所以本题的正确答案是a选项。句意:我找不到足够大的大衣,所以我拿了这一件。综上所述,本题的正确答案是a选项。
18.单选题
thetestofanydemocraticsocietyliesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossible().
问题1选项
a.altitude
b.latitude
c.longitude
d.multitude
【答案】b
【解析】考查名词辨析。a选项altitude“高地;高度;海拔”;b选项latitude“纬度;行动自由”;c选项longitude“经度;经线”;d选项multitude“群众;多数”。句意:对任何一个民主社会的考验不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达,而在于这个社会是否给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由。由题干中“freedomofthoughtandexpression思想和表达自由”的提示可知“行动自由”符合语境,因此b选项正确。
19.单选题
peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin()populatedareas.
问题1选项
a.abundantly
b.intensely
c.densely
d.intensively
【答案】c
【解析】考查副词辨析。a选项abundantly“丰富地,大量地”;b选项intensely“强烈地”;c选项densely“浓密地,密集地”;d选项intensively“集中地,广泛地”。根据句中的关键词“than”可知,前后形成对比。句意:住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。人口稠密用“denselypopulated”,所以选项c正确。
20.单选题
facing-portindustryhasbecomethebasicpillarofeconomicstrengthindevelopedcountriesandpromotedtheformationofinternationalproduction.
问题1选项
a.circumstance
b.motivation
c.backbone
d.initiative
【答案】c
【解析】【选项释义】
a.circumstance条件,环境b.motivation动力
c.backbone支柱,骨干,基础d.initiative主动性,积极性
【答案】c
【考查点】名词辨析。
【解题思路】pillar的意思为“核心,基础,支柱”,临港工业是发达国家经济实力的基本核心,backbone与之词义相近,因此c选项正确。
【干扰项排除】a、b、d选项词义与之不符。
【句意】临港工业已成为发达国家经济实力的基本支柱,促进了国际化大生产方式的形成。
21.单选题
frustratedwithdelaysinsacramento,bayareaofficialssaidthursdaytheyplannedtotakemattersintotheirownhandstoregulatetheregion’sgrowingpileofelectronictrash.
asanjosecouncilwomanandasanfranciscosupervisorsaidtheywouldproposelocalinitiativesaimedatcontrollingelectronicwasteifthecalifornialaw-makingbodyfailstoactontwobillsstalledintheassembly.theyareamongagrowingnumberofcaliforniacitiesandcountiesthathaveexpressedthesameintention.
environmentalistsandlocalgovernmentsareincreasinglyconcernedaboutthetoxichazardposedbyoldelectronicdevicesandthecostofsafelyrecyclingthoseproducts.anestimated6milliontelevisionsandcomputersarestockedincaliforniahomes,andanadditional6,000to7,000computersbecomeoutdatedeveryday.themachinescontainhighlevelsofleadandotherhazardoussubstances,andarealreadybannedfromcalifornialandfills.
legislationbysenatorbyronsherwouldrequireconsumerstopayarecyclingfeeofupto$30oneverynewmachinecontainingacathoderaytube.usedinalmostallvideomonitorsandtelevisions,thosedevicescontainfourtoeightpoundsofleadeach.thefeeswouldgotowardsettinguprecyclingprograms,providinggrantstonon-profitagenciesthatreusethetubesandrewardingmanufacturersthatencouragerecycling.
aseparatebillbylosangeles-areasenatorgloriaromerowouldrequirehigh-techmanufacturerstodevelopprogramstorecycleso-callede-waste.
ifpassed,themeasureswouldputcaliforniaattheforefrontofnationaleffortstomanagetherefuseoftheelectronicage.
buthigh-techgroups,includingthesiliconvalleymanufacturinggroupandtheamericanelectronicsassociation,opposethemeasures,arguingthatfeesofupto$30willdriveconsumerstoonline,out-of-stateretailers.
“whatreallyneedstooccurisconsumereducation.mostconsumersareunawarethey’renotsupposedtothrowcomputersinthetrash,”saidroxannegould,vicepresidentofgovernmentrelationsfortheelectronicsassociation.
computerrecyclingshouldbealocaleffortandpartofresidentialwastecollectionprograms,sheadded.
recyclingelectronicwasteisadangerousandspecializedmatter,andenvironmentalistsmaintainthestatemustsupportrecyclingeffortsandensurethatthejobisn’tcontractedtounscrupulousjunkdealerswhosendthetoxicpartsoverseas.
“thegraveyardofthehigh-techrevolutionisendingupinruralchina,”saidtedsmith,directorofthesiliconvalleytoxicscoalition.hisgroupispushingforanamendmenttosher’sbillthatwouldpreventtheexportofe-waste.
1.whatstepwerebayareaofficialsgoingtotakeregardinge-wastedisposal?
2.thetwobillsstalledinthecaliforniaassemblybothconcern____.
3.consumersarenotsupposedtothrowusedcomputersinthetrashbecause____.
4.high-techgroupsbelievethatifanextra$30ischargedoneverytvorcomputerpurchasedincalifornia,consumerswill____.
5.welearnfromthepassagethatmuchofcalifornia’s
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