考研英语历年真题与解析——E1-2021Text4(考研英语历年真题pdf百度网盘)--考研网上

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真题来历：e1-2021text4

in a rare unanimous ruling, the us supreme court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former virginia governor, robert mcdonnell. but it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a rolex watch and a ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.

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the high court's decision said the judge in mr. mcdo

nnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.

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merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.

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the court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." but under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".

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the court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery. "the basic compact underlying representative government," wrote chief justice john roberts for the court, "assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."

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but the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. this type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.

favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. but it is not always corruption. rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. if connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society - that all are equal in treatment by government - is undermined. good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.

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the court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.

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36. the undermined sentence (para.1) most probably shows that the court

[a] avoided defining the extent of mcdonnell's duties.

[b] made no compromise in convicting mcdonnell.

[c] was contemptuous of mcdonnell's conduct.

[d] refused to comment on mcdonnell's ethics.

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37. according to paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves

[a] leaking secrets intentionally.

[b] sizable gains in the form of gifts.

[c] concrete returns for gift-givers.

[d] breaking contracts officially.

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38. the court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are

[a] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.

[b] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.

[c] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.

[d] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.

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39. well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to

[a] awaken the conscience of officials.

[b] guarantee fair play in official access.

[c] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.

[d] inspire hopes in average people.

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40. the author's attitude toward the court's ruling is

[a] sarcastic.

[b] tolerant.

[c] skeptical.

[d] supportive

答案解析：

36.[c]

根据题干中的要害词the underlined sentence (para. 1)，可以快速的回到原文精断定位到第一段的划线语句，but it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a rolex watch and a ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government. 联络文章第一句话，尽管法院没有断定robert mcdonnell纳贿罪，可是 holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, 即，在道德上却对他的行为不认为然。由此可以断定c选项中的 was contemptuous of 法院其实非常小看robert mcdonnell的行为。

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37.[c]
根据题干中给出的信息，可知这一题是对文章第四段了解，由第四段推理出正确答案。从第四段but under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.”可以晓得，对糜烂的界说是，只需纳贿者给予了纳贿者实践的优点，由此可以得出答案为c。

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38.[a]
根据题干中的要害词the court's ruling is don the assumption可以断定文章的第五段，“the basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote chief justice john roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”可以晓得，法院的判决是树立听取其选民的定见，依照他们的利益行事。所以原文中的constituents对应a选项的 supporters，撑持者。所以答案选择a

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39.[b]
根据题干中的要害词well-enforced laws in government transparency可以断定文章的第六段this type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth. 可是从这句话中找不到所需的信息，从this type of可以晓得这句话与前面的语句联络紧，因而可以追溯到这一段的第一句话，but the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. 法律力度需要加强市民及其中选代表，而不是法院获得接近政府的对等的机缘。equality与b选项的fair play相对应，因而选b.

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40.[d]
本题查询的是情绪题，从文中后一句话: the court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism. 可以看出作者认为法院的判决是前进的——“a step forward”，因而可以看出作者对此的情绪是supportive.

全文翻译：

在稀有的共同判决中，美国最高法院推翻了对前弗吉尼亚州州长罗伯特·麦克唐纳贪婪案的科罪。可是最高法院在推翻罗伯特·麦克唐纳的科罪的一起，对其收取礼物的行为不认为然，这其间包括他承受了企图打通政府部分联络的一家公司赠给的劳力士手表和法拉利跑车等礼物。

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高级法院的断定认为，主审麦克唐纳案的法官没有奉告陪审团有必要只检查他的“官方行为”，或许与这位前州长责任有关的“特定的”和“未断定的”疑问上的抉择。

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法官们发现，只是协助送礼者触摸其他官员，除非出于向这些官员清楚施压的意图，否则并不构成贪婪罪。

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法院的确标明，为送礼者开路并从中牟利的行为是“令人恶感的”且“龌龊的”。可是根据《反糜烂法》的规则，有必要找出具体的获利根据，例如附和某项合同或许法规。否则只是组织接见会面、打个电话、或许举办某次活动并不是“官方行为”。

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最高法院将该作业断定为一种偏袒而不是违法的行为是合法的。被选出的政府领导人有必要能协助其撑持者处置官僚体系内的疑问，而不必忧虑因纳贿被申述。关于这次法庭审理，首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨写道：“代议制政府当包括这样的契约，即公职人员会听取选民的诉求，并尽力践行他们的重视点。”

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可是，公民?峭凭俪隼吹拇恚缓戏ㄔ海斜匾Ｖごッ糠值耐揪妒嵌缘鹊模庖欢隙ㄇ炕苏庵直匾浴９僭辈坏靡蜃愿龌蚣骞└貉【杩罨蛩郊依裎锒诠└畔⒒蜃橹蛹崦媸庇兴弧Ｕ庵殖闲判枰谡鞫壬夏舛ㄑ纤嗟姆睿缫窃卣交嵋椋舛ㄓ嗡倒嬖颍约胺⒉济扛鲋醒×斓既说淖式鹄蠢畔⒌鹊取?br>
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官方性的偏袒会激起关于糜烂的大众认知。但这并不老是糜烂。相反，官员有必要避免两层标准，或是差异对待一般人和有钱人。假定与政府的联络可以生意、那么民主社会根柢条件——政府对等对待悉数，就会遭到损害。杰出的政府是树立有了解每自个的内在价值之上。

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最高法院的判决使得与糜烂和徇私作弊的斗争又向前跨进一步。

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