【风暴考研公共课】跟着风暴学英语每日一文第二十五篇共享~(考研公共课大纲)--考研网上

day25

每日一文---no.25

风暴学子们，好消息来啦，风暴君从今日初步就要给同学们共享有关英语的干货，一三五共享词语，二四六共享语句，周日共享阅览，一同每日打卡学习吧！

example
sentence

【例文】

in 1784, five years before he became president of the united states, george washington, 52,
was nearly toothless. so he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extractedthem from the mouths of his slaves.

that’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping george most people remember
from their history books. but recently, many historians have begun to fo

cus on the roles slaveryplayed in the lives of the founding generation. they have been spurred in part by dna evidencemade available in 1998, which almost certainly proved thomas jefferson had fathered at least onechild with his slave sally hemings. and only over the past 30 years have scholars examinedhistory from the bottom up. works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made bythe nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. more significantly, theyargue that many of the founding fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fightit.

more than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of theirtime. while washington and jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they alsounderstood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped tocreate.

for one thing, the south could not afford to part with its slaves. owning slaves was “like
having a large bank account,” says wiencek, author of an imperfect god: george washington, hisslaves, and the creation of america. the southern states would not have signed the constitutionwithout protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as threefifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.

and the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. the three-fifths formula handed
jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the
southern states in the electoral college. once in office, jefferson extended slavery with the
louisiana purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.

still, jefferson freed hemings’s children – though not hemings herself or his approximately150 other slaves. washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal afterobserving the bravery of the black soldiers during the revolutionary war, overcame the strongopposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. only a decade earlier, suchan act would have required legislative approval in virginia.

1.george washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to
[a] show the primitive medical practice in the past.
[b] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.
[c] stress the role of slaves in the u.s. history.
[d] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.

2. we may infer from the second paragraph that
[a] dna technology has been widely applied to history research.
[b] in its early days the u.s. was confronted with delicate situations.
[c] historians deliberately made up some stories of jefferson’s life.
[d] political compromises are easily found throughout the u.s. history.

3. what do we learn about thomas jefferson?
[a] his political view changed his attitude towards slavery.
[b] his status as a father made him free the child slaves.
[c] his attitude towards slavery was complex.
[d] his affair with a slave stained his prestige.

4. which of the following is true according to the text?
[a] some founding fathers benefit politically from slavery.
[b] slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.
[c] slave owners usually had large savings accounts.
[d] slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.

5. washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his
[a] moral considerations.
[b] military experience.
[c] financial conditions.
[d] political stand.

the key words

【要点词汇】

1.toothlessadj. 无牙齿的
2.transplantv. 移植（器官、肌肤等）；n. （器官、肌肤等的）移植（手术）
3.extractv. 获取，提炼；取出，拔出；摘抄 n. 选段，引文；获取物，汁
4.recentlyadv. 迩来，不久前
5.historiann. 前史学家
6.evidencen. 根据，证明 v. 证明，证明
7.generationn. 一代（人）；一代人的时刻
8.hamperv. 阻止，阻止
9.southernadj. 南的；南边的 n. 南边人
10.slaveryn. 奴隶制，蓄奴；奴隶身份，奴役
11.includev. 包括；把……列为一有些，把……算入
12.approximately adv. 大约，大约
13.observev. 留心到，调查到；凝视，监督
14.braveryn. 英勇的行为（情绪），勇气
15.soldiern. 兵士，武士 v. 从戎；持之以恒
16.revolutionaryadj. 改造的；改造性的，打破性的 n. 改造者，改造家
17.overcomev. 战胜
18.oppositionn. （激烈的）对立，抵挡；对手
19.requirev. 需要；需求做（某事），规则
20.legislativeadj. 立法的；（与）立法机关（有关）的
21.approvaln. 赞许，撑持；附和，答应

the key words

【长难句翻译】

1.in 1784, five years before he became president of the united states, george washington, 52,was nearly toothless.
1784 年，在他变成美国总统的五年前，52 岁的乔治·华盛顿几乎没有牙齿了。

2.that’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping george most people rememberfrom their history books.
这与大大都人在前史书上看到的砍樱桃树的乔治形象截然不一样。

3.while washington and jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understoodthat it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.
尽管华盛顿和杰斐逊私下里表达了对奴隶制的厌烦，但他们也理解，奴隶制是他们协助创建的国家的政治和经济基石的一有些。

4.only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in virginia.
就在十年前，这样的法案还需要弗吉尼亚州的立法机构附和。

refer to the translation

【参阅译文】

1784 年，在他变成美国总统的五年前，52 岁的乔治·华盛顿几乎没有牙齿。因而，他雇了一名牙医，从他的奴隶口中取出九颗牙齿，移植到他的下巴上。
这与大大都人在前史书上看到的砍樱桃树的乔治形象截然不一样。但迩来，许多前史学家初步重视奴隶制在开国功臣一代日子中所扮演的人物。他们之所以这么做，有些缘由是 1998 年的 dna 根据证明，托马斯·杰斐逊和他的奴隶莎莉·海明斯至稀有一个孩子。只需在曩昔的 30 年里，专家们才初步自下而上地研讨前史。几位前史学家的作品提示了美国前期领导人做出的道德让步，以及这个国家前期脆弱的本质。更重要的是，他们认为，许多开国功臣都晓得奴隶制是差错的，但大大都人都没有采纳啥行为来对立它。
前史学家们说，最重要的是，开国功臣们遭到了其时文明的阻止。尽管华盛顿和杰斐逊私下里表达了对奴隶制的厌烦，但他们也理解，奴隶制是他们协助创建的国家的政治和经济基石的一有些。
首要，南边不能扔掉它的奴隶。《不完满的天主:乔治·华盛顿、他的奴隶和美国的创造》一书的作者 wiencek 说，具有奴隶“就像具有一个大银行账户”。假定没有对这种“特别准则”的维护，南边各州是不会签署宪法的，其间包括一项条款，即在国会代表的意图上，奴隶恰当于五分之三的人。政治家们的政治日子依靠于奴隶制。五分之三公式经过在推举团中添加南边各州的选票，使杰斐逊在 1800 年的总统推举中险胜。杰斐逊就任后，1803 年经过收购路易斯安那州扩展了奴隶制;这块新土地被区别为 13 个州，包括 3 个蓄奴州。
尽管如此，杰斐逊仍是解放了海明的孩子们——尽管不是海明自己或他的大约 150 名奴隶。华盛顿在独立战争时刻看到黑人兵士的英勇之后，初步信赖人人生而对等。他不管亲属们的激烈对立，在遗言中答应奴隶安适。就在十年前，这样的法案还需要弗吉尼亚州的立法机构附和。

1. 乔治·华盛顿的牙科手术也被说到
[a]闪现了曩昔初始的医疗实习。
[b]闪现其时奴隶制的残暴。
[c]偏重奴隶在美国前史中的作用。
[d]提示改日子中不知道的一面。

2. 咱们可以从第二段中揣度
[a] dna 技能被广泛使用于前史研讨。
[b]在前期美国面临着奇妙的局势。
[c]前史学家成心编造一些关于杰斐逊日子的故事。
[d]政治让步在美国前史上很简略找到。

3. 关于托马斯·杰斐逊，咱们晓得到啥?
[a]他的政治观念改动了他对奴隶制的情绪。
[b]他作为一个父亲的身份使他解放了这些儿童奴隶。
[c]他对奴隶制的情绪是凌乱的。
[d]他与一个奴隶的婚外情玷污了他的声威。

4. 根据文章，下面哪个选项是正确的?
[a]一些开国功臣在政治上从奴隶制中获益。
[b]在曩昔的日子里奴隶没有推举权。
[c]奴隶主一般有许多的储蓄账户。
[d]奴隶制被认为是一种特别的准则。

5. 华盛顿解放奴隶的抉择源于他自个
(一)道德的思考。
[b]军事经历。
[c]财务情况。
[d]政治情绪。

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【课程告诉】

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【课程体系】

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【教材更新】

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