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河马可以危及哥伦比亚的生态环境
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this is scientific american's 60-second science. i'm jason goldman.around 115 miles east of medellín, in colombia, sits the enormous hacienda built by the drug lord pablo escobar—who had his own personal zoo, which included hippos. when escobar's empire fell, most of the exotic animals were safely relocated—except for the hippos, who eventually escaped."so he brought four from a zoo in the u.s. to colombia, and they lived at his ranch. and they've grown slowly but steadily."jonathan shurin, ecologist from the university of california in san diego.the original population of four in 1981 is estimated to be at least 80 now. hippos have a tremendous influence on their native ecosystems in africa, so shurin wanted to see how they might be affecting their new ecosystem in colombia."it shouldn't be a surprise to anybody that hippos poop in the water in south america, just as they do in africa."
译文
这儿是科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。哥伦比亚麦德林以东115英里处，位于着毒枭帕布罗·埃斯科巴缔造的巨型庄园，具有私家动物园，园中的动物包括河马。埃斯科巴帝国式微后，大大都海外动物都被平安搬场，但究竟出逃的河马在外。?用拦镌奥蛄怂闹缓勇碓说礁缏妆妊牵谒淖袄铩Ｕ庑┖勇砘郝轿鹊厣ぁ！奔又荽笱サ匮歉绶中５纳Ъ仪悄缮な媪炙档健＞莨懒浚?981年原种群的4只河马如今至少繁衍为80只。河马对非洲原生态体系有着无量的影响，因而舒林想晓得它们可以对哥伦比亚重生态体系发生的影响。“和在非洲相同，河马在南美洲也在水中排便，这对任何人来说都不大约感到惊奇。”
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hippos on both continents wallow in ponds and lakes, where their droppings release a tremendous amount of nutrients into the water."that imported material stimulates photosynthesis of algae and aquatic plants and also microbial bacterial production—bacteria that are living off of the organic matter that's imported."and that's where the hippos can cause ecological trouble. if there is too much photosynthesis occurring, then the water becomes full of oxygen during the daytime. but at night, when the sun goes down, and the plants and algae stop releasing oxygen into the water, a phenomenon called eutrophication occurs. all the creatures that consume oxygen keep consuming it, and the overall amount of oxygen dissolved in the water becomes critically low."the oxygen dropping low enough—you can have all the fish sort of croaking and going belly-up."
译文
两大洲的河马都在池塘和湖中打滚，它们的粪便会向水中开释许多养分。“进口物质会影响藻类和水生植物的光协作用，也会影响微生物细菌的发生，这些细菌靠进口有机物为生。”这就是河马可致使使生态疑问的当地。假定发生太多光协作用，那白日水中就会充溢氧气。但到了晚上，太阳下山，植物和藻类中止向水中开释氧气时，就会发生一种名为“富养分化”的表象。耗费氧气的一切生物会持续耗费氧气，而水中溶氧总量会急剧削减。?醒跗档偷铰愕褪保梢曰崛靡磺杏愣蓟嵋蛉毖醵ナ馈！?br>
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the researchers also say the situation provides a unique glimpse into the way that massive mammals like mammoths and mastodons, long extinct in the new world, may have influenced their habitats prior to their extinction.but they also note that unless we can somehow curtail their population growth, the hippo population could explode in the next couple of decades—at which point, they will disrupt larger and wilder river systems. the study is in the journal ecology.lethal control isn't a popular management strategy among people who love hippos or see them as a valuable tourism attraction. but the question is when, not if, the hippos become detrimental to colombian ecology—which means that folks should be thinking about the best way to solve the problem now, when there are fewer than a hundred hippos to manage and not thousands.thanks for listening for scientific american's 60-second science. i'm jason goldman.
译文
研讨人员还标明，这种情况供给了一起的视角，让咱们得以晓得猛犸象和乳齿象等早已在美洲大陆灭绝的大型哺乳动物，在灭绝之前影响歇息地的方法。但他们也留心到，除非咱们能以某种方法加以控制，否则河马数量可以在将来几十年内呈现爆破式增加，到时，它们会损坏更大、更野生的河系。这项研讨宣告在《生态学》期刊上。喜爱河马或将其视为宝贵旅行本钱的人，并不等待丧命控制这种打点战略。但疑问是，河马何时——而非是不是——会对哥伦比亚的生态环境构成损害，也就是说，我们如今大约思考处置疑问的最佳办法，因为如今河马数量少于一百只，而不是几千只。谢谢我们收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是杰森·古德曼。回来搜狐，查看更多
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