先看无注解原文 （p1-p4）
humanities degrees: ave atque vale
more often than not, arts graduates get less bang for their buck than their more scientifically minded peers
? ? ? ? humanities degrees are falling out of favour in the uk. this month, sheffield hallam university nixed its english literature course, sparking an immediate backlash from writers and others in the arts world. the university of cumbria took similar steps last year. aston university’s languages programmes and modern languages at hull university have also been cancelled.
? ? ? ? this is odd for a nation governed by humanities graduates. it also seems financially ill-advised. fees for most british undergraduates are a flat ￡9,250, regardless of the costs — or benefits — of the course. degrees in subjects such as politics are cheaper to provide than those involving fully furnished labs or state of the art computing power.
? ? ? ? government top-up funding reflects this discrepancy. the subsidy to arts courses was halved last year to ￡120 while the ￡1,500 provided mostly to stem courses is being nudged nearly 5 per cent higher this academic year.
? ? ? ? yet based on the latest available data, these subsidies fail to bridge the shortfall. deficits are most pronounced in clearly vocational subjects taken by would-be vets, dentists and doctors. most humanities, alongside law, break even on the average student. in the treacherous world of higher education, that counts as a good outcome.
humanities degrees: ave atque vale
再见，文科专业
more often than not, arts graduates get less bang for their buck than their more scientifically minded peers
与更有科学头脑的同龄人相比，艺术专业毕业生的收益往往更少
1. humanity:[hju??m?n?ti]，当中有个“man”不难猜出它的意思和“人”有关。在文中表示“人文学科”，同样“the arts，可以用来指理工科。回到单词本身，除了人文学科，它还能表示“人类”，比如:they face charges of committing crimes against humanity. 他们被控犯有反人类罪。以及“人性”，比如:a man whos almost lost his humanity in his bitter hatred of his rivals. 因痛恨竞争对手而几乎丧失人性的男子
2.?ave atque vale:一个拉丁词，即hail and farewell，致敬，再见。了解即可。
3.?get less bang for their buck: 更常用的是get a big bang for your buck, 付出得到回报。bang，名词，突然的巨响。buck，名词，美元（我们还学过它的动词，表示“抵抗，抵制”，经常和趋势连用，buck the trend）。文中变成了less bang，即文科专业的回报更少了。
4.?minded: 形容词，有...思想的，比如:im not very politically minded. 我对政治不怎么感兴趣。也可以表示“想要...的”，和determined有点类似，但程度低一些，比如:if the americans were so minded then they could take sanctions against them. 要是美国人非要这么做的话，那么他们可以对其进行制裁。
p1 总分结构，引出主题:人文学科在英国不吃香了。
? ? ? ? humanities degrees are falling out of favour in the uk. this month, sheffield hallam university nixed its english literature course, sparking an immediate backlash from writers and others in the arts world. the university of cumbria took similar steps last year. aston university’s languages programmes and modern languages at hull university have also been cancelled.
1. humanities degrees are falling out of favour in the uk. 人文学科在英国正在失宠。
fall out of favour:失宠。拓展一个词组:in favour of或者in ones favour，有两个意思，其一表示“对...有利”，比如:the protection that farmers have enjoyed amounts to a bias in favour of the countryside... 农民所受的保护几乎变成了对乡村的偏袒。以及:firms are trying to shift the balance of power in the labour market back in their favour. 各公司正在试图让劳动力市场的均势向有利于自己的方向倾斜。其二表示“认为…正确;认为…有理”，比如:if the commission rules in mr welchs favour the case will go to the european court of human rights. 如果委员会裁定韦尔奇有理，这个案件将送交欧洲人权法庭。
nix:[n?ks]，动词，表示“阻止，拒绝”。
spark:名词表示“火星，火花”，动词表示”触发，引发“，比如:what was it that sparked your interest in motoring? 是什么让你对开车产生了兴趣？the proposals are expected to spark heated debate. 这些提议估计会引起激烈的争论。拓展一个词组，sparks fly，火星四溅，即表示“激烈争论”，比如:they are not afraid to tackle the issues or let the sparks fly when necessary. 他们不怕应对这些问题，也不怕必要时来一番激烈的争论。文中的词组可以一并记忆spark an immediate backlash:立即引发强烈反对。
p2 ?取消文科不仅奇怪而且也不划算。
? ? ? ? this is odd for a nation governed by humanities graduates. it also seems financially ill-advised. fees for most british undergraduates are a flat ￡9,250, regardless of the costs — or benefits — of the course. degrees in subjects such as politics are cheaper to provide than those involving fully furnished labs or state of the art computing power.
1. this is odd for a nation governed by humanities graduates. it also seems financially ill-advised. 对于一个由人文学科毕业生统治的国家来说，这很奇怪。这在财务上似乎也不明智。
odd:形容词，奇怪的，古怪的。来看一个考研真题句子:at the same time, dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines. 与此同时，狄更斯以记者的眼光记录他周围的生活，尤其是任何有喜感的或奇怪的东西，他向不起眼的杂志提交了简短的草图。它还能表示“奇数的，单数的”，比如:the odd numbers are on the left as you walk up the street... 沿这条街走，在左边的是单号。拓展一下它的复数odds，表示“机会；可能性；几率”，比如:what are the odds of finding a parking space right outside the door?... 就在门口找到停车位的可能性有多大？the odds are that you are going to fail. 你很可能会失败。而如果是be at odds with sb，则是表示“与...不和”，比如:he was at odds with his prime minister... 他与首相不和。
ill-advised:不明智的。
2. ?fees for most british undergraduates are a flat ￡9,250, regardless of the costs — or benefits — of the course. 大多数英国本科生的费用固定为9,250 英镑，无论课程的成本或收益如何。
flat:当作形容词放在费用前面，意为“固定的”。
3. ?degrees in subjects such as politics are cheaper to provide than those involving fully furnished labs or state of the art computing power. ?政治等学科的学位比需要设备齐全的实验室或最先进的计算能力的学位更便宜。
furnish:动词，基本意思为“布置”，特别是指家具的布置。第二个意思为“供应，提供”，搭配为furnish sb with sth，和provide一致，比如:theyll be able to furnish you with the rest of the details. 他们将可向你提供其余的细节。
state of the art: 形容词性词组，最先进的。类似的表达还有advanced, cutting-edge。
拆解一下句子结构，主干为 degrees in subjects such as politics are cheaper to provide，提供什么什么的学位更便宜。和谁比呢？those 也表示学位，是前面已经提到的degrees的指代，但这些学位不一样，后面用involving引导的非谓语来说明是什么样的学位，包含了两个，一个是fully furnishe
d labs 设备齐全的实验室，一个是state of the art computing power 最先进的计算能力。
p3 ?总分结构，进一步说明财政方面的差异。
? ? ? ? government top-up funding reflects this discrepancy. the subsidy to arts courses was halved last year to ￡120 while the ￡1,500 provided mostly to stem courses is being nudged nearly 5 per cent higher this academic year.
1.?government top-up funding reflects this discrepancy.??政府补充资金反映了这种差异。
top-up:表示追加的，后面跟和钱有关的名词，比如文中的funding,或者top-up loans 追加的贷款。去掉中间的-，变成了一个动词词组，表示“充值”，给手机充值就可以说top up your phone。
discrepancy:名词，差异，不一致。来看一个六级的真题例句:so why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants impact on the economy and the reality? 那么，为什么移民对经济影响的看法与现实之间存在如此大的差异呢？它的形容词一并掌握一下，discrepant，有差异的。
2.?the subsidy to arts courses was halved last year to ￡120 while the ￡1,500 provided mostly to stem courses is being nudged nearly 5 per cent higher this academic year.?去年对人文课程的补贴减半至120 英镑，而主要用于stem课程的 1,500 英镑在本学年被推高了近 5%。
subsidy:名词，补助，津贴。来看考研真题的一个句子:taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: this would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality. 需要削减对低工资劳动力的税收，并扩大工资补贴（如所得税抵免）:这将增加收入，鼓励工作，奖励创造就业机会的公司，并减少不平等。
half:在这做动词，表示减半。
stem:是取science, technology, engineering和mathematics的首字母，即指理工科。
nudge:[n?d?]，动词，先掌握它的基本意思，“(通常指用肘)轻推，轻碰(以引起注意)”，例如: he said, and nudged the boy lightly with his knee.“别这么干了，”他用膝盖轻轻碰了碰那个男孩说道。再来看它在文中的意思，表示“轻轻推动”，例句:the civil servant nudged him forward. 那个文职人员向前推了他一把。最后拓展一个较少出现的意思，表示“几乎达到，接近”，来个例句巩固一下:the temperature when we were there was nudging 80 degree f. 我们在的时候，那里温度接近80华氏度。
前半句比较简单，对人文专业的补助减半到了120英镑。
后半句的主干是 the ￡1,500 is being nudged 推动了1500英镑，即提高了补助。
剩下的部分，跟在1500后面的provided mostly to stem courses，是ed形式的非谓语做后置定语，起说明作用，说明这个钱主要是提供给理工科的。nearly 5 per cent higher this academic year比较简单，增加了将近5%，在本学年。
p4 总分结构，补贴未能弥补缺口。
? ? ? ? yet based on the latest available data, these subsidies fail to bridge the shortfall. deficits are most pronounced in clearly vocational subjects taken by would-be vets, dentists and doctors. most humanities, alongside law, break even on the average student. in the treacherous world of higher education, that counts as a good outcome.?
1. yet based on the latest available data, these subsidies fail to bridge the shortfall. deficits are most pronounced in clearly vocational subjects taken by would-be vets, dentists and doctors. ?然而，根据最新的可用数据，这些补贴未能弥补缺口。在准兽医、牙医和医生所修读的职业科目中，赤字最为明显。
bridge the shortfall: bridge名词是桥，动词表示“弥合（分歧）；消除（隔阂）”，常见的词组还有bridge the gap, bridge the differences.拓展一个词组，如果我说burn your bridges，是什么意思？（答案在文末）。
pronounced:我们比较熟悉它的动词，pronounce，除了表示“发...音”，还能表示“宣称，宣布”，比如:i now pronounce you man and wife. 我现在宣布你们结为夫妻。加了ed后变成形容词，表示“明显的，显著的”，比如:a pronounced australian accent... 明显的澳大利亚口音。拓展一点词根的知识，nounce相当于speak,表示，你还能举出几个同词根的单词吗？比如:announce, denounce(谴责)，renounce (宣布放弃)，是不是都和“说”有点关系？一起掌握吧。
taken by would-be vets, dentists and doctors:又是一个ed形式非谓语后置，修饰前面的vocational subjects（职业类学科），would-be表示将来的，未来的。即是什么样的职业类学科呢？是未来的兽医、牙医和医生上的职业类学科。
2. most humanities, alongside law, break even on the average student. in the treacherous world of higher education, that counts as a good outcome. ?除了法律之外，大多数人文学科在普通学生身上都能收支平衡。在危险的高等教育世界中，这算是一个好的结果。
break even: 收支相抵。补充一个也和收支相关的，make ends meet，也表示收支相当，含有收入较少勉强维持的意思，?例句:theyve got to watch every penny to make ends meet. 他们得精打细算才能维持下去。
treacherous:[?tret??r?s]，形容词，表示“危险的，变化无常的”，比如:the current of the river is fast flowing and treacherous...这条河水流湍急，变幻莫测。they made the treacherous journey across stormy seas in rotten boats. 他们乘着破旧的小船穿越风大浪急的海面，完成了这次危险之旅。但如果形容人呢？表示“狡猾的，奸诈的”，比如:he publicly left the party and denounced its treacherous leaders...他公开脱离该党，并谴责该党领袖背信弃义。总之不是一个好词儿。
文中题文的答案:
burn your bridges, 烧掉你的桥，即
get a big bang for your buck 付出得到回报
fall out of favour??失宠
spark?an immediate backlash from...??立即引发来自...的强烈反对
odd numbers 奇数
be at odds with sb 与...不和
ill-advised?不明智的
fully furnished labs? 设备齐全的实验室
top up your phone? 给手机充值
bridge the shortfall? 弥补缺口
break even? 收支相抵
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