While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但是现代史学家的实践最趋于认为历史学试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。
Caught in the web of its own time and place, each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past.
由于受其所处时间和地点的限制，每一代史学家都要重新判断过去哪些史料对他们具有重要价值。
In this search the evidence found is always incomplete and scattered; it is also frequently partial or partisan.
在这种探索中，所发现的证据总是不完全的、零散的，而且常常是不全面的或带有派别色彩的。
The irony of the historian’s craft is that its practitioners always know that their efforts are but contributions to an unending process.
历史研究这个行当的讽刺意味在于，从事研究的人一直知道，他们的努力只不过是为永无止境的过程添砖加瓦而已。
Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。
While history once revered its affinity to literature and philosophy, the emerging social sciences seemed to afford greater opportunities for asking new questions and providing rewarding approaches to an understanding of the past.
尽管历史学一度崇尚它与文学和哲学的相似之处，但新兴的社会科学似乎提供了更多机会，以便人们能够提出新问题，有了解过去的有效途径。
Social science methodologies had to be adapted to a discipline governed by the primacy of historical sources rather than the imperatives of the contemporary world.
社会科学研究的方法论必须进行改变以适应这样一个学科，其基础是史料，而不是当代社会的需要。
During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.
在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。
Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.
在历史学界，方法论这个词从来都是模棱两可的。
There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical workin general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historicalinquiry.
所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
Historians, especially those so blinded by their research interests that they have been accused of “tunnel method,” frequently fall victim to the “technicist fallacy.”
史学家，尤其是那些单纯局限于他们研究兴趣的史学家，被指责为使用“单方向研究法”，他们常常成为“纯技术方法论”的牺牲品。
Also common in the natural sciences, the technicist fallacy mistakenly identifies the discipline as a whole with certain parts of its technical implementation.
纯技术方法论错误地把整个学科与学科研究的某些操作方法等同起来，这种情况在自然科学领域里也屡见不鲜。
未经允许不得转载：考研网上 - 考研网上辅导班有用吗 > 1999年考研英语翻译题型答案—本文讨论历史学研究方法的问题
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