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中国高翻团队倾力之作

全文字数：1847字

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上期翻译答案

Surveysshowthat the loss of biodiversityisthe result of a combination of factors: climate change, pollution, human exploitation of land, sea, plants and animals, and the displacement of some species into new territories where they play havoc with existing ecosystems.

调查表明，生物多样性的丧失是多种因素共同作用的结果：气候变化、污染、人类对陆地、海洋、植物和动物的开发利用，以及某些物种迁移到新地盘后对那里现有的生态系统造成的严重破坏。

1. exploitation：the development and use of minerals, forests, oil etc for business or industry

2.havoc：a situation in which there is a lot of damage or a lack of order, especially so that it is difficult for something to continue in the normal way

《本期内容》

导读

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在本世纪初，发展中经济体是无限乐观和雄心壮志的源泉。今天，南非叛乱、哥伦比亚的暴力抗议、突尼斯的宪法危机、印度和墨西哥的独立机构受到攻击等表明，绝望和混乱可能会加剧一个深刻的经济问题：许多贫穷和中等收入国家正在失去追赶最富裕国家的能力。

双语阅读

Rich places, such as America and Britain, are no strangers to incompetence andturmoil. But disappointment has hit emerging economies especially hard. In the early 2000s they buzzed with talk of “catch-up”: the idea that poorer countries could prosper by absorbing foreign technology, investing in manufacturing and opening up their economies to trade, as a handful of East Asian tiger economies had done a generation earlier. Wall Streetcoinedthe term BRICs to celebrate Brazil, Russia, India and China—the world economy’s new superstars.

像美国和英国这样的富裕国家对无能和混乱并不陌生。但失望对新兴经济体的打击尤其沉重。在21世纪初，他们开口闭口谈论的都是“赶超”：人们认为贫穷国家可以通过吸收外国技术、投资制造业和开放贸易来实现繁荣，就像上一代“东亚四小龙”国家一样。华尔街还创造了“金砖四国”这个词来称赞巴西、俄罗斯、印度和中国——世界经济的新超级明星。

For a while, catch-up worked. The proportion of countries where the level of economic output per head was growing faster than in America rose from 34% in the 1980s to 82% in the 2000s. The implications were momentous. Poverty fell. Multinational companiespivoted awayfrom the boring old West. In geopolitics catch-up promised a new multipolar world in which power was more evenly distributed.

一段时间内，“赶超”确有成效。人均经济产出水平增长快于美国的国家，占比从1980年代的34%上升至2000年代的82%。其影响重大。贫困水平下降了。跨国公司纷纷搬离了沉闷的旧西方。地缘政治方面，“赶超”有望建立一个新的多极世界，在这个世界里，权力的分配更加均衡。

This golden age now looks as if it has come to a premature end. In the 2010s the share of countries catching up fell to 59%. China has defied many doomsayers and there have been quieter Asian success stories such as Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia. But Brazil and Russia have let down the BRICs and, as a whole, Latin America, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa are falling further behind the rich world. Even emerging Asia is catching up more slowly than it was.

目前来看，这个黄金时代似乎已提前结束。2010年代“赶超”国家的比例下降到59%。虽然中国让很多唱衰其国运者无功而返，越南、菲律宾和马来西亚等国更悄无声息地成为亚洲的成功案例。但是巴西和俄罗斯却辜负了 “金砖四国” 之大名。总体来说，拉丁美洲、中东和撒哈拉以南非洲国家，正进一步落后于富裕国家。即使是新兴亚洲市场，赶超速度也比以往更为缓慢。

Bad luck has played a part. The commodity boom of the 2000sfizzled out, global trade stagnated after the financial crisis andboutsof exchange-rate turbulence caused turmoil. But so has complacency as countries have come to think that fast growth was preordained. In many places basic services such as education and health care have been neglected.Cripplingproblems have been left unfixed, including South Africa’sidlepower plants, India’s rotten banks and Russia’s

corruption. Instead of defending liberal institutions, such as central banks and the courts, politicians have used them for their own gain.

有一部分因素在于运气不佳。2000年代的大宗商品繁荣走向衰落，金融危机之后全球贸易停滞不前，汇率波动引发市场动荡。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~很多地方，教育、医疗保健等基本服务遭到忽视。包括南非的闲置发电厂，印度银行腐败，俄罗斯的贪腐问题等一些严重问题没有得到解决。政客们非但不捍卫央行和法院等自由机构，反而利用它们满足一己私利。

What happens next? One risk is an emerging-market economic crisis as interest rates in America rise.

Fortunately most emerging economies are less brittle than they were, because they have floating exchange rates and rely less on foreign-currency debt. Long-running political crises are a bigger worry. Research suggests that protests suppress the economy, which leads to further discontent—and that the effect is more marked in emerging markets.

接下来会发生什么?其中一个风险是，随着美国利率的上升，新兴市场的经济危机。幸运的是，大多数新兴经济体都没有以前那么脆弱了，因为它们实行浮动汇率，对外币债务的依赖也更少了。长期的政治危机是更大的担忧。研究表明，抗议活动抑制了经济，这导致了进一步的不满——这种影响在新兴市场更为明显。

本文节选自：The Economist（经济学人）

发布时间：2021.07.29

作者：Leaders

原文标题：Unrest and economic underperformance haunt the emerging world

词汇积累

1.turmoil