翻硕考研,如何翻译外位语-简书(翻硕考研分数线)--考研网上

啥是外位语？
　　实践上指相同事物的两个词或短句拆开来呈如今两个当地，用一个做语句的成分，把另外一个放在句外。咱们就把这个居于规划之外的成分叫外位语，那个规划之内的成分叫本位语。举个简略的栗子”关起门来搞缔造,这样是不可的”,其间”关起门来搞缔造”是外位语,”这”是本位语,关于这类语句咱们首要有两种办法:”译出来”和”译进入”.
　　所谓”译出来”即将外位语译成一个独立的成分与主句别离,分以下三种情况
1.译成外位语规划
　　如:可是兄弟们把多量的怜惜，多量的爱，多量的欢喜，多量的眼泪分了给我，这些东西都是生计所必需的。
　　my friends then gave me in large quantities sympathy, love, joy and tears—things essential for existence.
　　有喜有忧，有笑有泪，有花有实，有香有色，既须劳作 ,又长才智 ,这就是养花的快乐喜爱。(老舍:《养花》)
　　joy and sorrow, laughter and tears, flowers and fruit ,fragrance and color, manual labor and increased knowledge all these make up the joy of flower cultivation.
　　以上两例,都是套用汉语中富含外位语规划的语句规划来翻译。
2.译为独立的一个语句或许是并排句
　　有些兄弟，连他们的名字我早年也不晓得，他们却关怀我的安康，处处探问我的“病况”，直到他们看见了我那被日光晒黑了的脸和肩膀，他们才定心肠浅笑了，这种景象的确值得人掉泪。
　　some, whom i did not even know by name, showed concern over my health and went about inquiring after me. it was not until they saw my suntanned face and arms that they began to smile a smile of relief. all that was enough to move one to tears.
　　亵渎的人当然不少，我可总不忍——这一套又是骚人之见。
　　though many other people violate the taboo, i for my part cannot bear to do the same. this again is the impractical view of a bookish person.
3.将外位语规划译为由介词of ,as for, as to, as regard等引导的介词短语放在句首,一般适用于语句中呈现”至于”或富含此意味的语句至于不挑食，其心态与上面类似。
as to picky eating, i often find people barely over forty becoming very choosy about food.
4. 译为同位语或非捆绑性定语从句
　　一自个既不能独立转移习尚，也该在低沉方面有所自守，邦同作弊，赞助越出常轨的事儿，总可以免了吧，——这天然是骚人之见，不免灵通的人一笑。
　　if it is beyond one's capacity to single-handedly stem the prevailing social evils, one should at least be self-disciplined so as not to make matters worse. all this is undoubtedly the pedantic view of bookish person—a view which must sound ridiculous to all sensible gentlemen.(译为同位语)
　　世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这称号易滋误解，如同过此以上即无学问可言。
　　a university has often been misleadingly referred to as "the highest seat of learning", which sounds as if there were no more learning to speak of beyond it.
(译为定语从句)
二、译进入
　　即将外位语作为语句的一有些来翻译,”融入”到语句中
　　1. 将外语规划转化变成名词从句或不定式短语，置于句末，作逻辑主语，而用it作方法主语。例如:
　　不查询、不研讨、提起笔来“硬写”，这就是不担任的情绪.
　　it is sheer irresponsibility to pick up the pen and "force ourselves to write" without investigation or study.
2. 将"这""这些"省掉不译,直接把外位语规划译为句中的一个成分
　　今日遽然传闻北京大学要开一个运动会，这个消息使我很高兴。
　　today i was very happy to hear that peking university was about to schedule a sports meet.
　　他们根据自个的文学赏识的才干，根据不一样年代潮流，对文学作品提出自个的观点，彼此争论，彼此学习，彼此启示，彼此前进，这也是一种创造活动，对文学理论的缔造会有很大的优点.
　　in accordance with their own capacity for literary appreciation and the different historical trends, the views they put forward for mutual discussion, study, inspiration and improvement are also something creative and conducive to the development of literary theory.
　　逢到和故人说话，就不知不觉地把论题转到旧事上去，这是我的习气。
　　when chatting away with my old friends, i am in the habit of unwittingly channeling the topic of conversation toward things of former days.
　　这种译法比照活络,童鞋们要在平常多做堆集。
3. 指代主语的外位语,可译为句中的表语,有些当地称这种办法为”倒置法”
　　如: 工厂、铁道、枪炮等，这些

是物质条件。
　　the material conditions are factories, railways, firearms and the like.
　　皮包，水壶，剃须刀，旅行药箱等等，这些是旅行的必需品。
　　the necessities for traveling are leather satchels, flasks, razors, small medicine kits, and the like.
　　完成经济打开,这是咱们往后恰当长时刻的中心作业.
　　for a relatively long period ahead ,the focus of our work is to realize the economic development.
　　综上,咱们可以看到,汉译英时，外位语的处置办法是多种多样的，有时可直接原封不动地套用原文的规划，有时可进行必要的变换。可是究竟选择何种办法，要充分思考到英汉语不一样的句法特征,联系上下文,以抵达最佳的翻译作用。
更多考研资讯请重视勤思教育。

未经允许不得转载：考研网上 - 考研网上辅导班有用吗 > 翻硕考研,如何翻译外位语-简书(翻硕考研分数线)