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书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津财经大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为word可编辑，若为pdf皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

inthefaceofanuncooperativecongress,thechiefexecutivemayfindhimself（?）toaccomplishthepoliticalprogramtowhichheiscommitted.

问题1选项

a.neutral

b.impotent

c.impudent

d.pious

【答案】b

【解析】neutral中立的；impotent无力的，无效的；impudent鲁莽的，无礼的；pious虔诚的，尽责的。句意:面对不合作的国会，行政长官可能会发现自己无力完成他所承诺的政治计划。选项b符合句意。

2.单选题

theyhavehadagoodharvestforthreeyearsin______.

问题1选项

a.line

b.end

c.row

d.succession

【答案】d

【解析】考查词组辨析。a项line“线”，inline表示“协调，有秩序”；b项end“结束，末尾”；c项row“行，排”，inrow表示“行内的，在行内”；d项succession“连续，继位”，insuccession表示“接连地，连续地”。根据前面的句子theyhavehadagoodharvestforthreeyears“他们已经有三年的大丰收了”可知，d项符合语境。句意:他们连续三年获得了大丰收。因此，该题选择d项正确。

3.单选题

alargeportionofthepopulationprefersthenon-medicationorientationofpsychology.ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.thereislittlequestionthatpsychologists’prescriptionprivilegescouldhaveprofoundeffectsonthefuturedirectionoftheirprofession.

inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.datapresentedbytheamericanpsychiatricassociationrevealedthatpsychiatristsengagingsolelyinpsycho-therapeuticinterventionsearnapproximatelyone-thirdofwhatpsychiatristsdowhoevaluateandmedicatepatients.thetemptationoffinancialrewardsmaylurepsychologiststoabandontraditionalpsychotherapeuticinterventionsinfavorofamedicalmodel.itshouldbenoted,though,thatpsychologistsareout-producingpsychiatristsbyaboutthreefold,strongevidencethatthegeneralpublicprefersapsycho-therapeuticapproachoveramedicalone.

somepsychologistsarguethatgainingtherighttoprescribepsychotropicmedicationwouldeliminatetheneedfortwopractitionersandalleviatetheaddedfinancialburdenplaceduponthepatients.inthecaseofpsychologistswhosecaseloadsarehighgainingprescriptionprivilegesmayraisequestionsastowhethertheyshouldreferpatientstoanon-prescribingmentalhealthprofessionalfortherapybecausethesepsychologistsincreasinglyarefocusingonevaluationsandmedication,thuslimitingtheirtimeforpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.psychotropicmedicationsarenotpurportedtocurementaldisordersand.inmostcases,suchdrugsareutilizedinconjunctionwiththerapyasthebestapproachtotreatingpatients.

legalandethicalissuesassociatedwithpsychologists'prescribingprivilegeswilldependuponthelevelofpracticetheypursue.inthepast,psychologistshadbeenrelativelyimmunefrommalpracticeliability.allegationsthatimpropercarecausedinjuryaremoredifficulttoprovewhenpsychotherapyisthetreatmentofchoicebecausethestandardsoftenareambiguousandmentalinjuryisdifficulttoascertain.whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiieasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.

1.theauthormentioneddatapresentedbytheamericanpsychiatricassociationi(paragraph2)inorderto（?）.

2.itseemsthatifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications

（?）.??

3.malpracticeallegationswouldincreaseoncepsychologistsgainedtherighttoprescribebecause（?）.??

4.theauthorimpliesthat（?）.

问题1选项

a.pointoutthemeritofthepsychologists'prescriptionprivileges

b.citeauthoritativeevidencetogainsupportformedicaltreatment

c.showwhysomepsychologistsareinfavorofgainingtherighttoprescribe

d.indicatethedifferentsituationfortwopractitioners

问题2选项

a.theywouldhavemorepatientsandgetmorefinancialrewards

b.theywouldfindoutthebestapproachtocuringmentaldisorders

c.manyoftheirpatientswouldshouldermorefinancialburden

d.manyoftheirpatientswouldprefertraditionalpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.

问题3选项

a.medicaldrugsmightcausegreatermentalinjury

b.patientswouldbemorelikelytogetphysicalharm

c.clientswouldfinditeasiertoproveinjurycausedbyimpropercare

d.psychologistswouldnolongerbeimmunefromprosecution

问题4选项

a.thegeneralpublicshowsmorerespectforthosepsychologistswhoseldommedicatepatients

b.psychologists'prescriptionprivilegesremainadisputableissue

c.mostpsychiatristsaresatisfiedwiththeirearnings

d.psychotherapyshouldbethefirstchoicetotreatmentaldiseases

【答案】第1题:c

第2题:d

第3题:c

第4题:b

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由“inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.除了提高自尊，心理学家认为，处方特权会给他们带来更大的经济回报。”可知一些心理医生更希望获得处方权是因为这能给他们带来更多的钱财报酬。之后作者用数据论证该论点。答案c

第2题:细节事实题。“ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.如果心理学家开始开药，许多寻求替代治疗的患者可能会转向社会工作者或其他非医疗治疗师。”可知d项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。从第四段“whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiteasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.当人们选择精神药物学治疗时，护理标准更清晰，身体伤害的可能性更大，从而使原告更容易证明他们的指控。根据各州的情况，精神科医疗事故的发生率比精神科医疗事故的覆盖率高24倍。”可知当心理学家获得处方权，即成为精神药物学家时，医疗事故的指控会增多，因为人们更容易找到由于护理不当对身体造成的伤害的控诉证据。故c项正确。

第4题:主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段提到了如果心理医生获得开处方的权利，那么将会对这种职业产生深远影响，并且指出大部分人喜欢传统的心理疗法，而非药物治疗。第三段提到了药物治疗的好处，最后一段提到了药物治疗的弊端即造成医疗事故的控诉不断增多。故作者认为药物治疗是存在争议的。b项正确。acd三项在文中都未提及。

4.单选题

?lastyear,theseshipstransportedatotalof80milliontonsofcargo,a4.4percentincrease（）topreviousyear.

问题1选项

a.by

b.over

c.with

d.to

【答案】b

【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:去年，这些船总共运输了八千万吨货物，比去年增长了4.4%。over“在……上”，符合题意。

5.单选题

testsofreactiontimesseemedtobackupthenotionthatthetwohemispheresdifferedintheirprocessingstyles.researchersusedtobelievethatanimagegoestoonehemispherefirst,andthentotheoppositesideofthebrain.ifthenatureofthestimulusandthepreferenceofthehemispherematchup,thenthepersoncanrespondslightlymorequicklyandaccuratelyinidentifyingthelocalorglobalimage.

stillmorestartling,researchersfoundthatthesameappearedtoholdforthebrainsofchimpsandperhapsotherprimates.theassumptionhasalwaysbeenthathandednessandbrainasymmetryarestrictlyhumantraitspartofthegreatbrainreorganizationthatallowedourancestortousetools,speakandperhapseventhinkrationally.buthandednessisnowwidelyclaimedforprimatesandevenbirds,amphibiansandwhales.andinthepastfewyears,somepsychologistshavetestedchimpsandbaboonsandsuggestedtheirtwohemispheresalsodifferinprocessingstyle.

nowresearchershavecometoseethedistinctionbetweenthetwohemispheresasasubtleoneofprocessingstyle,witheverymentalfacultysharedacrossthebrain,andeachsidecontributinginacomplementary,notexclusive,fashion.asmartbrainbecameonethatsimultaneouslygraspedboththeforegroundandthebackgroundofthemoment

thenextproblemwastoworkoutexactlyhowthebrainmanagestoproducethesetwocontrastingstyles.manyresearchersoriginallylookedfortheexplanationinasimplewiringdifferencewithinthebrain.thistheoryheldthatneuronsintheleftcortexmightmakesparse,short-rangeconnectionswiththeirneighbors,whilecellsontheothersidewouldbemorerichlyandwidelyconnectedtheresultwouldbethattherepresentationofsensationsandmemorieswouldbeconfinedlosmallish,discreteareasinthelefthemisphere,whileexactlythesameinputtoacorrespondingareaoftherightsidewouldformasprawlingevenimpressionisticpatternofactivity.

supportersofthisideaarguedthatthesestructuraldifferenceswouldexplainwhyleftbrainlanguageareasaresogoodatpreciserepresentationofwordsandwordsequenceswhiletherightbrainseemstosupplyawidersenseofcontextandmeaning.astrikingfindingfromsomepeoplewhosufferright-brainstokesisthattheycanunderstandtheliteralmeaningofsentences-theirleftbraincanstilldecodethewords?—buttheycannolongergetjokesorallusions.askedtoexplainevenacommonproverb,suchas"astitchintimesavesnine",theycanonlysayitmusthavesomethingtodowithsewing.anintactrightbrainisneededtomakethemoreplayfulconnections.

1.thelocalorglobalimageismorequicklyandaccuratelyidentifiedinthebrainif（?）.??

2.handednessandbrainasymmetryarestrictlyhumantraits,asisshownin（?）.

3.accordingtothetext,asmartbrainhasallthefollowingcharacteristicsexcept

（?）.??

4.whatistheproblemofthepeoplewhosufferright-brainstrokes?

5.thebesttitleforthetextmaybe（?）.

问题1选项

a.testsofreactiontimesbackupthenotionofthetwohemispheres

b.animagegoestoonehemisphere?n:st,andthentotheoppositesideofthebrain

c.thenatureofthestimulusandthepreferenceofthehemispherematchup

d.thepersoncanmatchtheimagewithanobject

问题2选项

a.thebrainsofchimpsandperhapsotherprimates

b.thefactthatthegreatbrainreorganizationallowedourancestortousetools

c.thefactthathumanbeingsalonecanusetools,speakandthinkrationally

d.thetwobrainhemispheresofchimpsandbaboons

问题3选项

a.withdifferentprocessingstyle

b.withsharedmentalfaculty

c.eachsidecontributinginacomplementary

d.graspingtheforegroundandthebackgroundofthemoment

问题4选项

a.theycanhardlyunderstandtheliteralmeaningofsentences.

b.theirleftbraincanstilldecodethewords.

c.theydonotunderstandthecommonproverb"astitchintimesavesnine".

d.theycannotgraspthemeaningofjokesorallusions.

问题5选项

a.leftbrain,rightbrain

b.thelocalofglobalimage

c.humanbrainandanimalbrain

d.thesmartbrain

【答案】第1题:c

第2题:c

第3题:a

第4题:d

第5题:a

【解析】1.根据文章第一段最后一句ifthenatureofthestimulusandthepreferenceofthehemispherematchup,thenthepersoncanrespondslightlymorequicklyandaccuratelyinidentifyingthelocalorglobalimage可知选项c符合题意。

2.文章原句theassumptionhasalwaysbeenthathandednessandbrainasymmetryarestrictlyhumantraitspartofthegreatbrainreorganizationthatallowedourancestortousetools,speakandperhapseventhinkrationally提到了左撇子和大脑不对称被认为是人类独有的特性，主要是因为能够赋予我们祖先实用工具、说话甚至理性思考的能力。因此选项c符合题意。

3.文章第三段提及了一个聪明大脑应该具备的条件，根据原文可知选项b、c、d都在该段提及，选项a与原文“asasubtleoneofprocessingstyle”不一致，因而符合题意。

4.文章最后一段astrikingfindingfromsomepeoplewhosufferright-brainstokesisthattheycanunderstandtheliteralmeaningofsentences-theirleftbraincanstilldecodethewords—buttheycannolongergetjokesorallusions提到如果一个人的右脑瘫痪，他还是能够理解句子的字面意思，但是无法理解笑话和典故。选项d符合题意。

5.文章主要介绍了人脑两个半球的运行方式以及各自的作用。选项a符合题意。

6.单选题

the（?）ofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsomephysicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.

问题1选项

a.manifestation

b.implementation

c.expedition

d.demonstration

【答案】a

【解析】名词辨析题。manifestation表现，显示；implementation实现，履行；expedition远征；demonstration示范，证明。句意:文化现象的???通常是人们生活习惯中某些物质方面的逻辑结果。选项a更符合语境，所以正确。

7.单选题

（?）foryourhelp,we’dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.

问题1选项

a.haditnot

b.ifitwerenot

c.haditnotbeen

d.ifwehadnotbeen

【答案】c

【解析】考查虚拟语气倒装。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were、should、had时，if可省略，而将were、should、had等词置于句首，构成倒装结构。

句意:如果没有你的帮助，我们永远也无法克服这些困难。

8.单选题

asthemanagerwasawayonabusinesstrip,iwasaskedto（?）theweeklystaffmeeting.

问题1选项

a.preside

b.introduce

c.chair

d.dominate

【答案】c

【解析】动词辨析。句意:因为经理在外出差，我被要求一周一次的员工会议。

preside主持，担任会议主席,后面一般接介词over;introduce介绍；chair担任会议的主持;dominate控制；支配,故选c。

9.单选题

theuseofnaturalgastogenerateelectricity—farfromperfectlycleanbutlesscarbon-（?）thancoaluse—hasjumped25percentsince2008.

问题1选项

a.inclusive

b.extensive

c.intensive

d.exclusive

【答案】c

【解析】考查形容词辨析。inclusive意为“包括的，包罗广泛的”；extensive意为“广阔的，广大的”；intensive意为“密集的，加强的”；exclusive意为“专有的，排外的”。

句意:自2008年以来，使用天然气发电——远没有完全清洁，但碳密集型比煤炭的使用要少——已经上涨了25%。

10.单选题

thewestistraditionallythelandofthepioneersandthecowboys,where____couldbeeasilymadeincattleorland.

问题1选项

a.fortunes

b.property

c.opportunities

d.treasure

【答案】a

【解析】考查名词辨析与固定搭配。a选项fortunes“一大笔钱”；b选项property“（某人的）财产；不动产”，强调归属；c选项opportunities“机会”；d选项treasure“金银财宝，指金银珠宝一类”。句意:传统上西部是拓荒者和牛仔的领地，在那里可以很容易的用牛或者土地创造___。根据句意，此处是指用牛和土地就可以创造财富，排除c选项；不强调财富的归属，排除b选项；不是特指金银珠宝一类，排除d选项。另外，原文____couldbeeasilymade，考查固定搭配makeafortune/makefortunes“发大财；赚大钱；创造财富”，a选项最符合语境。

因此，本题最佳选项为a。

11.单选题

iran’spossibleacquisitionofnuclearweaponsisaseriousmatter,butitdoesnot____militaryaction.

问题1选项

a.compromise

b.ease

c.accommodate

d.justify

【答案】c

【解析】句间逻辑中的转折关系。a选项compromise“妥协，折中”；b选项ease“减轻，缓解”；c选项accommodate“给……提供方便”；d选项justify“证明……是正当的；替……辩护”。句意:虽然伊朗可能拥有核武器是一个严重的问题，但这不____军事行动。根据but推断，前后两句意思发生了转折，前半句表达的是问题的严重性，那么后半句表达的是这件严重的事情还算好的一面，c选项accommodate“给……提供方便”符合语境，句意为“虽然伊朗可能拥有核武器是一个严重的问题，但它不用于军事行动”。因此，本题最佳选项为c。

12.翻译题

menliveinsocietynotbecausetheyaremen,butbecausetheyareanimals.thesocialwayoflifeisastageintheevolutionoflifepriortotheappearanceofthehumanrace.

whatisdistinctiveaboutmanisthathehaddevelopedsocialorganizationfarmorequicklythananyotheranimalspecies,sothatitisagiantstepincomplexitybetweenthemostelaboratenon-humansocietyandthemostelementarysocietyofmen.humansocietysharescharacteristicswithanimalsocieties;itisformedbyagivenpopulationofindividuals,allbelongingtothesamespecies.itshowsaninternalspecializationoftasks.individualsinteractasmembersofthesamespeciesandpossessonecommonlanguagewhichsetsthemapartfromotherspecies.thelevelofpopulationisperpetuatedbymeansofbiologicalreproductionandofconstantstruggleagainsttheenvironment.similaritieslikethesebecameconspicuouswhenhumansocialorganizationiscomparedwiththatofotherprimates(灵长目).

【答案】【参考译文】人类生活在社会中不是因为他们是人，而是因为他们是动物。社会性的生活方式是生命进化中一个先于人类出现的阶段。

人类的独特之处在于他发展社会组织的速度要远远快于任何其他动物物种，所以在区分最复杂的非人类社会和最初级的人类社会之间的复杂性方面，这是一大的进步。人类社会和动物社会具有相同的特点，它是由属于同一物种的特定数量的个体组成；它显示了任务的内部具体化过程。个体作为同一物种的一部分相互接触，拥有着共同的语言，而正是这种语言将他们与其他物种区分开来；通过生物繁衍和与环境的持续斗争，人口数量基本保持不变。当人类社会组织和其他灵长类动物的社会组织作比较时，类似这样的相同之处就变得明显了。

13.单选题

thetongue,______,isanimportantaidinchewingandswallowing.

问题1选项

a.isthechieforganoftaste

b.tastingtheorganchiefly

c.thechieforganoftaste

d.theorganchieflytastes

【答案】c

【解析】考查同位语。同位语是指一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。所以要排除有动词的a项和d项，由题干可知，我们需要修饰的是tongue，b项的意思完全不符合题意，它表示“主要品尝器官”；只有c项是正确的同位语。句意:舌头是主要的味觉器官，在咀嚼和吞咽时起着重要的辅助作用。因此，该题正确答案为c。

14.单选题

ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusicandbypsychologistsand“human-relation”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheisboredwithit.infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppets(木偶)whodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.

theworkersandemployeesareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionorinterestinlife.theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.

thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.fromthatmomentontheyaretestedagainandagain—bypsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorscreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.

amisuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortothe19th-century“free-enterprise”capitalism?certainlynot.problemsareneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemfromabureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaximalproductionandconsumptionareendsinthemselvesintoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities—thoseofloveandofreason一aretheaimsofallsocialarrangements.productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasameanstothisend,andshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.

1.by“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstorendertheideathatmanis（?）.

2.therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat（?）.

3.thosewhoareonthehighersocialladderwouldfeelmorepeacefulandsecureiftheycould（?）.

4.tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould（?）.

5.theauthor’sattitudetowardsindustrialismmightbebestsummarizedasoneofthe（?）.

问题1选项

a.anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety,thoughfunctioningsmoothly

b.anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible

c.ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly

d.workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety

问题2选项

a.theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence

b.theyaredeprivedoftheirindependenceandproductivity

c.theyarelikelytolosetheirsatisfactoryjobs

d.theyarefartherawayfromgenuinelife

问题3选项

a.gethighersalaryandmoreself-respect

b.havemorechancetobefurtherpromoted

c.provebetterthantheirfellow-competitors

d.keepfarawayfromthiscompetitiveworld

问题4选项

a.offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemployees

b.resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors

c.enablemantofullydevelophispotentialities

d.takethefundamentalrealitiesforgranted

问题5选项

a.approval

b.dissatisfaction

c.suspicion

d.tolerance.

【答案】第1题:a

第2题:b

第3题:d

第4题:c

第5题:b

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段“...yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless...”,由此推断，作者将人比喻成机械中运转良好的齿轮，实则是想表明人们相对于社会中其他部分来说已经变得不那么重要了。选项a符合原文。

2.根据第二段的内容可知，工人和雇员们焦虑不仅是因为他们可能面临着失业，他们焦虑也是因为他们不能获得任何真正的满足和对生活的兴趣，但是真正的原因还是第二段的最后一句，作为情感和智力独立和有生产力的人，他们终生无法面对人类生存的基本现实。选项b符合原文。

3.根据第三段的内容可知，社会地位较高的人同样也会感到焦虑，他们在某些方面甚至更不安全,他们一直处于激烈的竞争中。不断证明自己和竞争对手一样优秀或比他们更优秀，造成了不断的焦虑和压力，而这些正是不快乐和疾病的根源。由此可以推测，如果能远离这个这个竞争激烈的世界，他们才会觉得安宁。选项d符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知，作者建议将官僚主义的工业转变为以人为本的工业主义，使人能充分发挥它的潜力。选项c符合原文。

5.根据文章内容可知，作者认为现在的工业主义使人丧失了其在社会中应发挥的重要作用，最后一段提到了作者建议将工业主义转变为一种以人为本的工业主义,所以作者对待工业主义的态度是不满的。选项b正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

15.单选题

auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.heorsheaskstheassembledcrowdintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or“bids”，forthevariousitemsonsale.heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.

theancientromansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheenglishwordcomesfromthelatinauction,meaning“increase”.theromansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;thesesaleswerecalled“subbasra,”meaning“underthespear”，aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.intheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesgoodswereoftensold“bythecandle”，ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbypossiblebuyers.iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda“lot”isusuallygivenanumber.theauctioneerneednotbeginwithlot1andcontinueinnumericalorder.hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.theauctioneer'sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.

practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antique,furniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.theauctionroomsatchristie’sandsotheby’sinlondonandnewyorkareworldfamous.

1.auctionedgoodsaresold（?）.

2.theendofthebiddingiscalled“knockingdown”because

（?）.??

3.theromansusedtosell

（?）?byauction.

4.acandleusedtobumatauctionsales

（?）.??

5.theauctioneermaydecidetoselltheoutoforderbecause（?）.

问题1选项

a.forthehighestpriceoffered

b.onlyatfixedprices

c.atapricelessthantheirtruevalue

d.verycheaply

问题2选项

a.theauctioneerknocksthebuyerdow

b.theauctioneerknockstherostrumdown

c.thegoodsareknockeddownontothetable

d.theauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer

问题3选项

a.spoilgoods

b.propertytakenfromtheenemy

c.oldworn-outweapons

d.spears

问题4选项

a.becausetheytookplaceatnight

b.asasignalforthecrowdtogether

c.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

d.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

问题5选项

a.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers.

b.heknowfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems.

c.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting.

d.hewantstoreducethenumber.

【答案】第1题:a

第2题:d

第3题:a

第4题:c

第5题:b

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段:heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfigures,andfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods(他鼓励买者给出更高的价钱，最后选定出价最高的这位买。由此可知拍卖品以最高价卖出。故选a。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“knockingdown”定位至第一段:thisiscalled“knockingdown”thegoods.“这就是‘成交’”和第五句forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands(因为当拍卖师用一个锤子敲击他面前的小桌子时，拍卖结束)。因此d项“因为拍卖师会用一个锤子敲击桌子”正确。

3.细节事实题。第二段说明了古罗马人所拍卖物品:theromansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar(罗马人通常用这种方法出售战利品)。故选a“缴获物品，奖品”。

4.细节事实题。第二段指出:ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer;andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight(拍卖师会点燃一根短蜡烛，在蜡烛燃烧的吋候进行拍卖活动)。因此选c“限制拍卖会竞价吋间”。

5.判断推理题。根据题干关键词lots定位至第三段:theauctioneerneednotbeginwithlot1andcontinueinnumericalorder,hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroom(拍卖师不需要从第一个序号开始然后按照顺序来,在拍卖师会在确定对商品感兴趣的买家到来之后才开始拍卖)。故选b“拍卖师可以依据经验知道某些买家想购买哪些物品”。

16.单选题

allofthewomen___athowwellformedthebabywas.

问题1选项

a.acclaimed

b.declaimed

c.proclaimed

d.exclaimed

【答案】c

【解析】考查动词辨析。a选项acclaimed“称赞；为……喝彩，向……欢呼”；b选项declaimed“慷慨陈词；演讲；朗读”；c选项proclaimed“宣告，公布；声明；表明；赞扬”；d选项exclaimed“（由于强烈的情感或痛苦而）惊叫，呼喊”。句意:所有的妇女都___这个婴儿发育得多么好。本句表达“妇女称赞婴儿发育的好”，因此c选项正确。

17.单选题

presidentbushcametohisparent’scentury-oldsummerhomeonthemainecoastforalittlerelaxation,adistantcousin'sweddingandsomefamilytime.however,severalhundredanti-wardemonstrators()onhisvisit.

问题1选项

a.intruded

b.invaded

c.intwined

d.inturned

【答案】a

【解析】intrudeon打扰，侵扰；invade侵略，侵犯；intwine盘绕，缠绕；inturned内弯的。句意:布什总统来到他父母位于缅因州海岸的百年避暑别墅，来放松一下，参加一个远房表亲的婚礼，并与家人共度时光。然而，数百名反战示威者侵扰了他的观光。选项a符合句意。

18.单选题

forthousandsofcanadians,badserviceisneithermake-believenoramusing.itisanaggravatingandworseningreal-lifephenomenonthatencompassesbehaviorrangingfromindifferenceandrudenesstonakedhostilityandevenphysicalviolence.acrossthecountry,betterbusinessbureausreportalengtheninglitanyofcomplaintsaboutcontractors,cardealers,repairshops,movingcompanies,airlinesanddepartmentstores.thereisalmostanadversarialfeelingbetweenbusinessesandconsumers.

expertssaythereareseveralexplanationsforillfeelinginthemarketplace.oneisthatcustomerservicewasanearlyandinevitablecasualtywhenretailersrespondedtobrutalcompetitionbyreplacingemployeeswithtechnologysuchas1~800numbersandvoicemail.anotherfactoristhatbusinessgenerallyhasbegunplacingmoreemphasisongettingcustomersthanonkeepingthem.stillanotheristhatstrident,frustratedandimpatientshoppersvexshopownersandmakethemevenlesshospitable—especiallyatbusiertimesoftheyearlikechristmas.onbothsides,simplecourtesyhasgonebytheboard.andforamultitudeofconsumers,servicewentwithit.

thebetterbusinessbureauatvancouvergets250complaintsaweek,twiceasmanyasfiveyearsago.thebureauthenhadonecomplaintscounselorandnowhasfour.peoplecomplainaboutbeinginsulted,havingtheirintelligenceandintegrityquestioned,andbeingthreatened.onewillhearaboutpeoplebeinghauledalmostbodilyoutthedoorbysomebodysayingthingslike“idon’thavetoserveyou!”or“thisisprivateproperty,getoutanddon’tcomeback!”whatcancustomersdo?ifthebureau’sarbitrationprocessfailstosettleadispute,acustomer’sonlyrecourseistosueinsmallclaimscourt.butbecauseofthecostsandtimeittakes,relativelyfeweverdo./r