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上期翻译答案
not only does that lower maintenance costs, it alsomeansthe concrete concerned need contain less reinforcing steel, since the quantity of such “rebar” used in conventional concrete anticipates the extra strength which will be needed as cracks inevitably form.
这不仅降低了维护成本，还意味着这类混凝土需要的钢筋数量也会更少，因为在传统混凝土内加入的这种“钢筋”（指含细菌的颗粒）的数量能够预测还需要多少额外的强度（支撑性钢筋）来应对那些不可避免的裂缝。
《本期内容》
双语阅读
yale’s law school made the stunning announcement last week that it would no longer participate in the influential rankings published annually by u.s. news & world report. given the outsize importance attributed to the rankings by prospective applicants andalumni, yale’s decisionsent shock waves throughthe legal profession, and indeed all of higher education. yet the law schools at harvard, berkeley, georgetown, columbia, stanford and michigan quickly followed suit. will the universities of which they are a part join the boycott? will other colleges and professional schools do the same? could this be the beginning of the end for college rankings?
耶鲁大学法学院上周宣布了一个令人震惊的消息，它将不再参与《美国新闻与世界报道》每年发布的有着巨大影响力的排名。鉴于申请者和校友对这些排名的高度重视，耶鲁大学的决定在法律界乃至整个高教界引起了震动。然而，哈佛大学、加大伯克利分校、乔治敦大学、哥伦比亚大学、斯坦福大学和密歇根大学的法学院迅速跟进。它们所在的大学会加入抵制吗？其他学院和专业院校也会这样做吗？这会是大学排名终结的开始吗？
it’s much harder to dismiss harvard, yale and the other top-tier law schools than, say, reed college or other onetime rankings holdouts such as st. jo

hn’s college. those law schools sit at the peak of prestige, wealth and influence. their actions are impossible to ignore. and their reasons for boycotting u.s. news are not justquibblesabout ranking methodology or unreliable statistics. the deans are making a powerful claim that the formula used by u.s. news rewards wealth and privilege by subtly penalizing law schools thatseek toprovide access to the legal profession for people from less privileged backgrounds and help prepare their graduates for careers in public service.
与里德学院或其他曾经拒绝上榜的圣约翰学院等高校相比，哈佛、耶鲁和其他顶级法学院更难以忽视。这些法学院无论是声望、财富还是影响力都是拔尖的。人们对它们的行为不可能视而不见。他们抵制《美国新闻与世界报道》排名的原因不仅是因为排名方法或不可靠的统计数据的争议。翻译划线句，长按文末小程序码打卡，答案下期公布~
these rankings rely on various “student selectivity” measures, such as the standardized test scores of entering classes and, for some graduate schools, the school’s acceptance rate. the rankings have encouraged admissions offices to give more weight to test scores, to expand binding early decision programs and to greatly increase merit (rather than need-based) financial aid — practices that favor wealthier applicants, often at the expense of their lower-income peers.
这些排名依赖于各种各样的“学生择优录取”标准，比如入学的标准化考试成绩，对一些研究生院来说，还有学校的录取率。这些排名鼓励招生办公室更看重考试成绩，扩大具有约束力的提前录取决定招生名额，大幅增加基于成绩（而不是基于需求）的补助金额——这些做法有利于较富裕的申请人，往往以牺牲低收入的同龄人为代价。
the “outcome” measures used by u.s. news, such as overall graduation rates or, for graduate schools, postgraduate employment success, further encourage schools to admit applicants who are already programmed for success. and although many schools want to encourage more students to pursue public-service careers, succeeding at that goal may well cost them points in the u.s. news scoring system because salaries for those jobs are relatively low.
《美国新闻与世界报道》采用的“结果”衡量标准，如总体毕业率，或对研究生院而言是毕业生就业上的成功，进一步鼓励学校录取那些本就有望成功的申请人。尽管许多学校希望鼓励更多学生从事公共服务工作，但在这个目标上的成功很可能会让它们在《美国新闻与世界报道》的评级系统中丢分，因为公共服务工作的工资相对较低。
another problem with the rankings is that they equate academic quality with institutional wealth (as measured by financial resources per student, faculty salaries and the like). this encourages admissions preferences for full-paying students, legacies and children of wealthydonors, which in turn helps to fuel the spending and fund-raising arms race that already afflicts higher education. at the same time, the ranking formulas give schools no credit for their spending on need-based financial aid, although u.s. news does give colleges some credit for having a high graduation rate for students who have received federal pell grants.
这些排名的另一个问题是，它们将学术质量与学校财富等同起来（比如使用平均到学生头上的财力资源、教师工资等计量标准）。这鼓励了对缴纳全额学费的学生、父亲或母亲曾就读该校的学生，以及富有捐赠者子女的录取偏好，也反过来助长了已经困扰高等教育的支出和募捐军备竞赛。与此同时，《美国新闻与世界报道》的排名公式对学校提供基于需求的助学金方面的支出没有加分，尽管公式中对获得联邦政府佩尔助学金学生的高毕业率有一定的加分。
本文节选自：the new york times（纽约时报）
发布时间：2022.11.24
作者：colin diver
原文标题：are the u.s. news college rankings finally going to die?
词汇积累
1.alumni
英/ ??l?mna? /美/ ??l?mna? /
n.校友，毕业生（alumnus 的复数）
2.quibble
英/ ?kw?b(?)l /美/ ?kw?b(?)l /
n.谬论；双关语；遁辞
vi.诡辩；挑剔；说模棱两可的话
vt.对……诡辩
3.donor
英/ ?d??n?(r) /美/ ?do?n?r /
n.捐献者，捐赠者；（化学）供体；（物理）施主
adj.捐献的
词组搭配
1.send shock waves through 在整个…引起巨大的冲击波；在……引起巨大反响
2.seek to 追求；争取；力图
写作句总结
原句：this encourages admissions preferences for full-paying students, legacies and children of wealthy donors, which in turn helps to fuel the spending and fund-raising arms race that already afflicts higher education.
结构：this encourages sb, which in turn helps to xx.
例句：the special award encourages courageous students to experiment, which in turn helps to stimulate their creative abilities.
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