本资源由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学考试名师押题精选卷i(带答案详解)试卷号26(58页珍藏版)》请在人人文库网上搜索。
住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学考试名师押题精选卷i(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题
theproblemof()toselectashissuccessorwasquicklydisposedof.
问题1选项
a.whom
b.which
c.what
d.how
【答案】a
【解析】考查代词。由于不定式动词select为及物动词,因此这里所选代词必须能够作为其宾语,由此可将只能作状语的关系词how排除。在不定式短语toselectashissuccessor中宾语补足语hissuccessor是“人”,因此,宾语只能是指代人的代词,由此可以肯定a选项whom为正确答案,并将b选项what和d选项which排除。句意:挑选谁作为他的继任者的问题很快就解决了。综上所述,本题的正确答案是a选项。
2.单选题
theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractionwithotherpeopleenjoyablewouldbeimitatedascloselyaspossible,andthemachinewouldappeartobecharming,andeasygoing.itsinformalconversationalstylewouldmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintonatestyle.themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.
friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.
anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatpeopleobtainfrominterpersonalfriendships.themachinewouldparticipateininterestingconversationthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser’slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.
1.whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?
2.thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(n)()way.
3.whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?
4.throughoutthepassage,theauthoris()inhisattitudetowardsthecomputer.
5.whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?
问题1选项
a.activeincommunication
b.attractiveinpersonality
c.enjoyableinperformance
d.unpredictableinbehaviour
问题2选项
a.quick
b.unpredictable
c.productive
d.inconspicuous
问题3选项
a.beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.
b.beingsensitivetoearliercontact.
c.beingreadytolearnabouttheperson’slife.
d.havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.
问题4选项
a.favourable
b.critical
c.vague
d.hesitant
问题5选项
a.artificialrelationships
b.howtoformintimaterelationships
c.theaffectionatemachine
d.humansandcomputers
【答案】第1题:d
第2题:d
第3题:b
第4题:a
第5题:c
【解析】1.事实细节题。题干:以下那个选项不是理想陪伴机器的特征?根据关键词“idealcompanionmachine”,可以定位到文章第一段,由第一段第三句话itsinformalconversationalstylewouldmakeinteractioncomfortable(它随意的谈话风格会让互动变得舒适),可知a选项“积极地沟通”,符合题意;由第一段最后一句话itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.(它有时会主动开展或改变话题,并有自己的个性。),可知b选项“个性有吸引力”,符合题意;由第一段第二句话thosequalitiesthatmakeinteractionwithotherpeopleenjoyablewouldbeimitatedascloselyaspossible,andthemachinewouldappeartobecharming,andeasygoing.(机器会尽可能地模仿那些使与他人互动变得愉快的品质,迷人而又随和。),可知c选项“表现上使人愉悦”,符合题意。由第一段第三句话themachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(机器行为可以预知),要注意限定词slightly“微小地”的使用。所以d选项“行为不可预知”,表述错误。综上所述,本题的正确答案是d选项。
2.事实细节题。题干:机器会以_______的方式发展和人类的友情。由题干定位到文章第二段第三句话thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.(整个过程将以一种微妙的方式完成,以避免给人留下过分熟悉的印象而产生愤怒。),可知友谊建立的过程是一个细微的、难以察觉的过程,所以d选项“难以察觉的,不引人注意的”,符合题意。a选项“迅速的”,b选项“不可预测的”,c选项“富有成效的”,均不符合题意。综上所述,本题的正确答案是d选项。
3.事实细节题。题干:当文章讨论人工关系的好处时,下面哪个方面没有提到?由题干定位到文章最后一段,由最后一段第二句话themachinewouldparticipateininterestingconversationthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.(机器会参与到一段有趣的对话中,接上之前的讨论),可知a选项“能接起一段有趣的对话”,是人工关系的好处之一;由最后一段倒数第二句话thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.(计算机本身个性活泼,令人印象深刻,它将根据用户的个性给予回应。),可知d选项“个性开朗、适应能力强”,符合题意;由最后一段第三句话itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser’slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.(就像早期接触显示的那样,它对用户的生活有一种熟悉感,它也善解人意,幽默风趣。),可知c选项“学习人类的日常生活”,表述正确,而b选项“对之前的接触敏感”,表达的意思不符合,属于对这句话的断章取义,所以b选项不正确。综上所述,本题的正确答案是b选项。
4.观点态度题。题干:在全文中,作者对计算机的态度是_______。从文章最后一句withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.(有了这些功能,这台机器可能真的会成为一个非常有吸引力的社交伙伴。),可以看出作者对计算机的态度是赞许的,文章中也多次使用了褒义形容词:ideal,friendly,enjoyable,benefits,good-humored等等,所以本题应该选择a选项“赞许的”;b选项“批评的”,c选项“模糊的”,d选项“犹豫的”,都不是作者对计算机的态度。综上所述,本题的正确答案是a选项。
5.主旨大意题。题干:哪一个可能是这篇文章最合适的标题?文章第一段表明电脑是理想的陪伴机器,与它交流会感到幽默轻松,它还能有自己的观点和建议。第二段文中提到了电脑会以一种不令人察觉的方式使人类接受这段友情。第三段提到电脑的人类的关系有各种各样的好处。综合整篇文章,可见电脑和人之间的友情,所以c选项“深情的机器”,比较贴合题意;b选项“如何形成亲密的关系”,整篇文章都在描述机器人和人类的关系,而b选项内容文章中没有涉及,所以排除。a选项“人工关系”和d选项“人类和电脑”,涉及的面广泛,文章没有全面说明。综上所述,本题的正确答案是c选项。
3.单选题
withcloud,mobility,bigdataandconsumerization,companiesareinevengreaterneedoftechnologytalentthantheywereinthelate1990s,andthattalentisinevenshortersupply.computerscienceenrollmentsareatanall-timelow;baby-boomerworkersareretiringandtakingallofthatlegacy—systemsknowledgewiththem;andsiliconvalleyishotagain.wouldthatyoung,brilliantdeveloperratherjointhenextzyngaorupgradethepayrollsystemsatyourinsurancecompany?
twoweeksago,iaskedtheitexecutivereadershipofmyweeklynewsletter,thehellerreport,toanswerthequestion:ifyouhadamagicwand,whichonetalentproblemwouldyousolve?responsespouredinandaddressedchallengesaroundrecruiting,developingleaders,andretainingthetalentthattheycurrentlyhave.butmorethan70percentofreaderswouldusetheirmagicwandtodoonlyonething:givebusinessskillstotheirtechnologists.theirpeople,theyworry,aresonarrowlyfocusedonthetechnologythattheyfailtoseetheforestforthetrees.theydonotunderstandthebusinesscontextoftheirtechnologywork,norcantheyhavemeaningfuldiscussionswiththeleadersofthebusinessareasabouttheirtechnologysupport.
thislackofbusiness-savvytechnologytalentisaseriousproblemforeverycompanythatreliesontechnologytoexist(whichis,ofcourse,everycompany).thosebeautifully“blendedexecutives,”whocantalktechnologyinonemeetingandcantalkbusinessinanother,arerarebirds.yetwithtechnologymovingdirectlyintotherevenuestreamofyourcompany,youneedthem,andyourneedisonlygoingtoincrease.
oneoptionistospendallofyourtimeandmoneyonrecruitingblendedexecutivesfromtheoutside.youwillbeinheatedcompetitionwitheveryothercompanyinyourmarket,andifyourrecruitingfunctionisnotacompetitiveweaponforyou,youwillfindyourselfinalosingbattle.youwouldbemuchbetteroffgrowingyourown.herearesomeideas:
buildarotationalprogram.encourageyourheadofhumanresourcestoworkwithyourcioandafewofyourotherbusinessleaderstobuildaprogramthatrotatesitpeopleintodifferentfunctionsofthebusiness.thiskindofprogramisnoteasy,withyourciohavingtosurvivewithoutatrusteditleaderforaperiodoftime,butthelong-termresultofagoodrotationalprogramcanbetremendous.itmaywellbeworththeinvestment.
involveyourbusinessleaders.ifarotationalprogramistoomuchtotakeonrightnow,buildaleadershipdevelopmentprogramforitthatinvolvesyourbusinessexecutives.encourageyourciotoinvitetheheadsofyourmajorbusinessunitstomeetregularlywiththesenioritteamtoeducatethemontheirbusinessarea.andbesurethatyou,cfo,arespendingenoughtimewithit.usethatinteractiontochipawayatthelong-standingwallthatoftenexistsbetweenthebusinessandit.
1.companiesareingreaterneedoftechnologytalentnotbecauseof().
2.themainideaofparagraph2isthat().
3.thephrase“recruitingfunction”underlinedinparagraph4refersto().
4.ifacompanydoesn’thaveenoughtimeandmoneytohireexecutivesitneeds,itshould().
?5.arotationalprogramdoesn’tinvolve().
问题1选项
a.theaccumulationofmoredata
b.theneedtoserveconsumers
c.therisingdemandforcloudcomputation
d.thedevelopmentofmedicalindustry
问题2选项
a.profounddiscussionisrequired
b.itemployeesshouldbebusiness-savvy
c.technologysupportisexpected
d.therearechallengesinrecruitingdevelopers
问题3选项
a.recruitmentofaparticularfirm
b.thefunctionalityofrecruitment
c.competitiverecruitmentstrategy
d.employmentofitworkersforacertainemployer
问题4选项
a.achievelong-termresults
b.deviseatrainingprogram
c.participateinheatedcompetition
d.callonallbusinessleaders
问题5选项
a.blendeditexecutives
b.cio
c.ceo
d.allbusinessleaders
【答案】第1题:d
第2题:b
第3题:c
第4题:d
第5题:d
【解析】1.事实细节题。题干:公司特别需要技术人才不是因为_______。通过题干定位到文章第一段的第一句话withcloud,mobility,bigdataandconsumerization,companiesareinevengreaterneedoftechnologytalentthantheywereinthelate1990s.(随着云计算、移动性、大数据和消费化,企业比上世纪90年代末更需要技术人才。),a选项“更多数据的累积”,对应“大数据”,b选项“服务消费者的需要”,对应“消费化”,c选项“云计算需求的增加”,对应“云计算”,只有d选项“医药产业的发展”,在文中并没有提及,所以本题应该选d选项。
2.主旨大意题。题干:第二段的中心思想是________。根据第二段的主要内容“如果你有根魔杖,你会解决哪一个人才问题?70%的读者的选择是把商业技能传授给他们的技术人员”,所以b选项“it员工应该具有商业头脑”符合题意。文中最后一句提到theydonotunderstandthebusinesscontextoftheirtechnologywork,norcantheyhavemeaningfuldiscussionswiththeleadersofthebusinessareasabouttheirtechnologysupport.(他们不了解其技术工作的业务环境,也不能与业务领域的领导者就其技术支持进行有意义的讨论。),由此可知,和业务领域的领导者进行深入的讨论是包括在商业技能里面的,所以a选项“需要深入的讨论”不正确,c选项“期待技术支持”和d选项“在招聘开发者方面存在一些挑战”都是想要解决的问题之一,但不是中心思想。综上所述,该题正确答案为b选项。
3.语义推测题。题干:文中第四段的划线部分“recruitingfunction”指的是_______。第四段中提到ifyourrecruitingfunctionisnotacompetitiveweaponforyou,youwillfindyourselfinalosingbattle.youwouldbemuchbetteroffgrowingyourown.herearesomeideas:(如果你的recruitingfunction对你来说不是一件有竞争力的武器,你会发现自己处于一场失败的战斗中。你最好发展自身,以下是一些建议:),紧接着第五,第六段提出一些建议。所以recruitingfunction在这里指的是“有竞争力的招聘策略”,c选项符合题意。a选项“特定公司的招聘”,b选项“招聘的功能”,d选项“为某个雇主雇佣it工人”,均不是对recruitingfunction正确的解释。综上所述,该题正确答案为c选项。
4.细节推理题。题干:如果一家公司没有足够的时间和资金来聘请它所需要的高管,那么它应该_________。文章第五段和第六段提到的两个建议,第一个是buildarotationalprogram(建立一个轮换计划),第二个是involveyourbusinessleaders(让你的商业领袖参与进来),由此可知,d选项“号召所有的商业领袖”符合题意。a选项“取得长期结果”,在文中并未提及,排除a选项,b选项“制定培训计划”,文中第六段提到的轮换计划指的是将it人员轮换到业务的不同职能的程序,和b选项表达的内容不相符,排除b选项,c选项“参加激烈的比赛”,在文中并未提及,排除c选项。所以本题应该选择d选项。
5.事实细节题。题干:轮换制度不包括________。由关键词“rotationalprogram”定位到文章第五段encourageyourheadofhumanresourcestoworkwithyourcioandafewofyourotherbusinessleaderstobuildaprogramthatrotatesitpeopleintodifferentfunctionsofthebusiness.(鼓励您的人力资源主管与您的cio和其他一些业务领导合作,建立一个将it人员轮换到业务的不同职能的程序。),由此可知,d选项“所有商业领袖”,不正确,所以本题选择d选项,a选项“混合it高管”,b选项“cio”均在第五段中提到,c选项“ceo”在第六段中提到“businessexecutives”,综上所述,本题的正确答案是d选项。
4.单选题
asateacher,youshouldnot()thestudentsfromaskingquestionsinclass.
问题1选项
a.ruin
b.restrain
c.import
d.impose
【答案】b
【解析】考查动词辨析。a选项ruin“破坏,糟蹋,毁灭”;b选项restrain“抑制,控制”,指用强力或权力去阻止或限制某人做某事;c选项import“输入,进口”;d选项impose“强加,征税,以……欺骗”。句意:作为老师,你不应该阻止学生在课堂上提问。由选项意思和句意可知,b选项符合句意。
5.单选题
thechangesinthiscityhaveoccurred().
问题1选项
a.withswiftness
b.fastly
c.rapidly
d.inrapidways
【答案】c
【解析】考查副词辨析。swift、fast和rapid都是快的意思。swift,含有平稳、马上、优美的意思;fast作副词时,可指物体或人的速度快,主要用来修饰人或物体的动作,fast本身就有副词的作用。英语中,几乎不见fastly这个词,所以b选项排除;rapid是正式用语,多指运动本身,强调运动的高速度,所指的速度有时有“对人有益”的含义,常常可与fast互换使用,但语气比fast强。例如:hemadesuchrapidprogressthathisparentswereveryglad.(他取得了如此快的进步,以至于他的父母都很高兴。),副词形式是rapidly,修饰动词occur应该用副词,所以c选项符合题意。句意:这个城市的变化发生得很快。综上所述,本题的正确答案是c选项。
6.单选题
shemusthavebeenpretty()tofallforsuchanoldtrick.
问题1选项
a.interested
b.gullible
c.enthusiastic
d.shrewd
【答案】b
【解析】考查形容词辨析。a选项interested“感兴趣的”;b选项gullible“易受骗的,轻信的”;c选项enthusiastic“热情的”;d选项shrewd“精明的,狡猾的”。句意:她太容易上当受骗了,才落入这样的老圈套。由选项意思和句意可知,b选项符合句意。
7.单选题
landbelongstothecity;thereis()thingasprivateownershipofland.
问题1选项
a.nosucha
b.notsuch
c.notasuch
d.nosuch
【答案】d
【解析】考查固定搭配。thereisnosuchthingas…是习惯用法,意思为“没有…这样的事”。句意:土地归城市所有,没有土地私有这回事。因此,本题的正确选项是d选项。
8.翻译题
translatethefollowingtextintochinese.?
theregularuseoftextmessagesande-mailscanlowertheiqmorethantwiceasmuchassmokingmarijuana.thatistheclaimofpsychologistswhohavefoundthattappingawayonamobilephoneorcomputerkeypadorcheckingthemforelectronicmessagestemporarilyknocksupto10pointsofftheuser’siq.thisrateofdeclineinintelligencecomparesunfavorablywiththefour-pointdropiniqassociatedwithsmokingmarijuana,accordingtobritishresearchers,whohavelabeledthetemporaryphenomenonofincreasedstupidityas“infomania”.researchonsleepdeprivationsuggeststhattheiqdropcausedbyelectronicobsessionisequaltoawakefulnight.thenoticeabledropiniqisattributedtotheconstantdistractionof“alwayson”technologywhenemployeesshouldbeconcentratingonwhattheyarepaidtodo.infomaniameansthattheyloseconcentrationastheirmindsremainfixedinanalmostpermanentstateofreadinesstoreacttotechnologyinsteadoffocusingonthetaskinhand.
【答案】经常收发短信和电子邮件会降低你的iq,其损害程度甚至是吸食大麻对智力损害程度的两倍多。心理学家发现人们在使用手机或电脑键盘打字或者用它们查询电子信息时,智力会暂时降低10个百分点。英国研究人员称,与吸食大麻相比,电子信息对智力的不利影响大的多。人在吸食大麻时智商会降低4个百分点。研究人员将这种暂时变笨的现象称为“信息狂躁”。关于剥夺睡眠的研究表明因为痴迷于电子产品而造成的智力衰退相当于一夜失眠。造成这种智力明显衰退的原因在于当员工们应该集中精力工作时,“无处不在”的科技却总是不断分散他们的注意力。信息狂躁是指他们的意识近乎一直处于一种随时对“技术”做出反应的状态,因而无法将注意力集中在手头的工作上。
9.单选题
inordertosurvivenowand()inthefuture,alltheworkingstaffmustconstantlycreatenewideasforeveryaspectofyourbusiness.
问题1选项
a.maximize
b.thrive
c.erect
d.recruit
【答案】b
【解析】考查动词辨析。a选项maximize“最大化,极大”;b选项thrive“繁荣,兴旺,茁壮成长”;c选项erect“竖立,建造,创立”;d选项recruit“征募,聘用”。句意:为了现在的生存和未来的繁荣,所有的员工必须不断地为企业的各个方面创造新的想法。由选项意思和句意可知,b选项符合句意。
10.单选题
humble()itmaybe,thereisnoplacemorelikehome.
问题1选项
a.although
b.as
c.how
d.that
【答案】b
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句子用了倒装,把形容词提前到句首,只有as或者though有这个用法,although没有。as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前)例如:tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.由as引导的让步状语从句,强调表语humble。句意:尽管这里是简陋的,但是没有一个地方比它更像家。所以本题选择b选项正确。
11.翻译题
translatethefollowingtextintoenglish.writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.
当科学家希望用一种声音说话时,他们往往会采用一种非常不科学的方式:共识报告。其理念是:将多个专家的知识浓缩为一种能够解决争议、帮助制定政策的单一看法,但是达成这种共识往往违背这些目标,并且会削弱其本欲凸显的权威。专家小组开始会提出许多有价值的原理和建议。然而,形成专家共识的讨论确实在“政治”上的共通性大于其在“科学”上的相同之处。
【答案】whenscientistswanttospeakwithonevoice,theytendtodosoinaveryunscientificway:consensusreport.theideaistocondensetheknowledgeofmultipleexpertsintoasingleviewthatcanresolvedisputesandhelppolicymaking.butreachingsuchaconsensusoftendefeatsthosegoalsandunderminestheauthority.thepanelwillbeginwithmanyvaluableprinciplesandsuggestions.however,thediscussionsthatformexpertconsensusdohavemoreintercommunitywith“politics”thanwith“science”.
12.单选题
fool()jerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.
问题1选项
a.who
b.as
c.like
d.that
【答案】b
【解析】考查让步状语从句。句子前半部分用了倒装,四个选项中只有as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。句意:像杰瑞这么傻,他不可能做这种事。故本题的正确选项是b选项。
13.单选题
they’veliftedatwo-year-longeconomic()onthecountry.
问题1选项
a.enclosure
b.restriction
c.blockade
d.prohibition
【答案】c
【解析】考查名词辨析。a选项enclosure“围墙,围场”;b选项restriction“限制,约束”;c选项blockade“包围,封锁”;d选项prohibition“禁止,禁令”。economic常和blockade搭配,意思是“经济封锁”。句意:他们解除了对该国长达两年的经济封锁。由选项意思和句意可知,c选项符合句意。
14.单选题
thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,()thespoiltones.
问题1选项
a.notcounting
b.nottocount
c.don’tcount
d.havingnotcounted
【答案】a
【解析】考查非谓语动词。由于句子前后没有连词连接,因此该处填入的动词要用非谓语形式。此处要选择现在分词形式做伴随状语,其否定形式是在前面加上not即可。句意:篮子里只有10个苹果,没算上坏掉的。因此,本题的正确选项是a选项。
15.单选题
toomuch()tox-rayscancauseskinburns,cancerorotherdamagetothebody.
问题1选项
a.disclosure
b.exhibition
c.contact
d.exposure
【答案】d
【解析】考查名词辨析。a选项disclosure“披露,揭发”;b选项exhibition“展览,显示”;c选项contact“接触,联系”;d选项exposure“暴露,曝光”。句意:过多暴露在x射线下会导致皮肤损伤、癌症或其他身体损伤。由选项意思和句意可知,d选项符合句意。
16.单选题
after()seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’soffice.
问题1选项
a.that
b.it
c.what
d.there
【答案】c
【解析】考查宾语从句。介词after后面接的是宾语从句,而宾语从句中缺少主语,用what引导宾语从句,并做从句的主语。句意:在无尽的等待后,轮到她进入人事部经理的办公室了。因此本题的正确答案是c选项。
17.单选题
nomatterhowfrequently(),theworksofbeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudience.
问题1选项
a.performed
b.performing
c.tobeperformed
d.beingperformed
【答案】a
【解析】考查分词用法。nomatterhow引导让步状语从句,后接形容词、分词或副词,表示“不管怎样,无论如何”。本题中动词“perform”的逻辑主语是“theworksofbeethoven”,它们之间的关系是被动关系,即“贝多芬的作品被演奏”,因而要用过去分词。例如:nomatterhowoftenrepeated,therumorisnottrue。(谣言无论被重复多少次也不是真的。)选项d用了被动语态,表示现在进行时的被动,故d选项不对。所以本题的正确答案是a选项。句意:尽管贝多芬的作品经常被演奏,它们还是吸引大批听众。综上所述,本题的正确答案是a选项。
18.单选题
whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?
weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofappliedknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.
whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity—hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.
heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.
heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable—andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytoverifythem.
furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.
lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.thereseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.
1.manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough(?).
2.whichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrectaboutcuriosity(?)?
3.accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot(?).
4.whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss(?)?
5.whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetopic(?)?
问题1选项
a.appliedknowledge
b.morethanoneaspect
c.technologyonly
d.theuseofmachines
问题2选项
a.itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.
b.itgivesrisetointerestinproblemsthatareunexplained.
c.itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.
d.itencouragesthescientisttolookfornewwaysofacting.
问题3选项
a.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.
b.easilycriticizeothers’researchwork.
c.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork.
d.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.
问题4选项
a.applicationoftechnology.
b.progressinmodernsociety.
c.scientists’waysofthinkingandacting.
d.howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.
问题5选项
a.critical.
b.objective.
c.biased.
d.unclear.
【答案】第1题:b
第2题:d
第3题:a
第4题:c
第5题:b
【解析】1.事实细节题。题干:很多人相信科学通过_______帮助社会进步。通过题干关键词“manypeoplebelieve”定位到第二段第二句manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience(然而,许多人认为,我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面),这里明确指出社会进步要靠twodifferentaspectsofscience,因此b选项正确。a选项“应用知识”,c选项“仅靠技术”,d选项“利用机器”,a,c,d选项都不够全面。综上所述,本题的正确答案为b选项。
2.细节判断题。题干:关于好奇心,以下哪个选项不正确?由题干中的“curiosity”定位至第三段。第三句和第四句对科学家的好奇心进行了详细解释。第三句指出heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected(他通常把注意力放在那些没有令人满意的解释的问题上,他的好奇心使他寻找潜在的关系,即使可用的数据似乎是毫无关联的),选项b对应前一个分句,选项c对应and后的第二个分句。末句moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.(此外,他认为他可以改善现有的条件,并乐于尝试解决其中涉及的问题。),表示他对自己有信心,且从这一过程获得愉悦,即pleasure,a也符合文意。综上所述,本题的正确答案为d选项。
3.细节判断题。通过文章可知,一个成功的科学家不会_________。根据第六段首句的内容,选项a中的uncheckedstatements是对“statementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable”的概括,说明成功的可科学家不应该轻信没有检验的结论,故选a。选项b“容易批判别人的研究工作”与第七段首句的含义一致,所以排除b选项,选项c“在工作中经常利用想象力”和最后一段第一句表达的意思重合,所以排除c选项,选项d“经常利用通过观察得到的证据”和倒数第三段第一句表达的意思重合,所以排除d选项。故排除。从文中可知,科学家不是很容易相信没有检验的结论,但是他不仅批判别人的工作,还批判自己的工作,工作时需要想象力,充分利用自己观察所得。综上所述,本题正确答案是a选项。
4.主旨大意题。题干:文章主要讨论的是?文章开篇通过一个文句引出对科学态度的本质的思考,第二段和第三段介绍了社会进步以来与科学的两个方面,之后第四段首句通过一个问句引出全文主题。后面的内容都是对这个主题的具体说明。末段对这一主旨进行概括,可见本文的主要内容是关注methodsofthinkingandacting,故选c。a、b、d选项均不符合题意。综上所述,本题正确答案是c选项。
5.观点态度题。在第四段提出本文主旨后,作者就逐一介绍成功科学家的思维和行为方式。文中没有任何正面或负面评价,可见作者在文中是非常客观地说明成功科学家的思维和行为方式,故选b“客观的”。a选项“批评的”,c选项“有偏见的”和d选项“不清楚的”,均不是作者的观点。综上所述,本题正确答案是b选项。
19.单选题
thejudgeruledthattheevidencewasinadmissibleonthegroundsthatitwas()totheissueathand.
问题1选项
a.irrational
b.unreasonable
c.invalid
d.irrelevant
【答案】d
【解析】考查形容词辨析。a选项irrational“不合理的,无理性的”;b选项unreasonable“不合理的,不切实际的”;c选项invalid“无效的,有病的”;d选项irrelevant“不相干的,不切题的”。句意:法官裁定该证据不可采信,因为它与手头的问题无关。由选项意思和句意可知,d选项符合句意。
20.单选题
overthepastseveraldecades,theu.s.,canada,andeuropehavereceivedagreatdealofmediaandevenresearchattentionoverunusualphenomenaandunsolvedmysteries.theseincludeufosaswellassightingsandencounterswith“nonhumancreatures”suchasbigfootandthelochnessmonster.onlyrecentlyhaslatinamericabeguntoreceivesomeattentionaswell.althoughthemysteriesoftheaztec,mayan,andincacivilizationshavebeenknownforcenturies,nowthepublicisalsobecomingawareofunusual,paranormalphenomenaincountriessuchasperu.
thenazca“lines”ofperuwerediscoveredinthe1930s.thesefinesaredeeplycarvedintoaflat,stonyplain,andformabout300intricatepicturesofanimalssuchasbirds,am,andalizard.seenatgroundlevel,thedesignsareajumbledsenselessmess.theimagesaresolargethattheycanonlybeviewedataheightof1,000feet-meaningfromanaircraft.yettherewerenoaircraftin300b.c.,whenitisjudgedthedesignsweremade.norweretherethen,oraretherenow,anynearbymountainrangesfromwhichtoviewthem.sohowandwhydidthenativepeopleofnazcacreatethesemarvelousdesigns?oneanswerappearedin1969,whenthegermanresearcherandwritererichvondanikenproposedthatthelinesweredrawnbyextraterrestrialsasrunwaysfortheiraircraft.thescientificcommunitydidnottakelongtoscoffatandabandonvondaniken’stheory.overtheyearsseveralothertheorieshavebeenputforth,butnonehasbeenacceptedbythescientificcommunity.
todaythereisanewandheightenedinterestinthenazcalines.itisadirectresultofthecreationoftheinternet.currentlythereareover60sitesdedicatedtothismysteryfromlatinamerica’spast,andevenrespectedscientistshavejoinedthediscussionthroughe-mailandchatrooms.
willtheinternethelpexplaintheseunsolvedmysteries?perhapsitisastepintherightdirection.
1.whichofthefollowingstatementsisincorrect?
2.accordingtothepassage,thenazcalineswerefound().
3.wecaninferfromthepassagethatthehigherthelinesareseen,the()imagestheypresent.
3.therehasbeenincreasinginterestinthenazcalinesmainlybecauseof().
5.theauthoris()abouttheroleoftheinternetinsolvingmysteries.
问题1选项
a.latinamericahaslongreceivedattentionforunusualphenomena
b.publicattentionisnowdirectedtowardscountrieslikeperu
c.publicinterestusuallyfocusesonnorthamericaandeurope
d.someancientcivilizationshaveunsolvedmysteries
问题2选项
a.inmountains
b.instones
c.onanimals
d.onaplain
问题3选项
a.smaller
b.larger
c.clearer
d.brighter
问题4选项
a.theparticipationofscientists
b.theemergenceoftheinternet
c.thebirthofnewtheories
d.theinterestintheinternet
问题5选项
a.cautious
b.pessimistic
c.uncertain
d.optimistic
【答案】第1题:a
第2题:d
第3题:c
第4题:b
第5题:a
【解析】1.推理判断题。题干:以下哪个选项的陈述不正确?文章第一段第三句指出onlyrecentlyhaslatinamericabeguntoreceivesomeattentionaswell.(直到最近,拉丁美洲也开始受到一些关注。),可知a选项“拉丁美洲长期以来一直因异常现象而受到关注”,与原文意思矛盾,表述不正确,答案选a;根据第一段最后一句话althoughthemysteriesoftheaztec,mayan,andincacivilizationshavebeenknownforcenturies,nowthepublicisalsobecomingawareofunusual,paranormalphenomenaincountriessuchasperu.(尽管阿兹特克文明、玛雅文明和印加文明的奥秘已经为人所知好几个世纪了,但现在公众也开始意识到在秘鲁等国家出现了不寻常的超自然现象。),可知b选项“公众的注意力现在转向了像秘鲁这样的国家”和d选项“一些古代文明有未解之谜”,均符合文意;根据第一段第一句话overthepastseveraldecades,theu.s.,canada,andeuropehavereceivedagreatdealofmediaandevenresearchattentionoverunusualphenomenaandunsolvedmysteries.(在过去的几十年里,美国、加拿大和欧洲因异常现象和未解之谜而受到了大量媒体甚至研究的关注。),可知c选项“公众的兴趣通常集中在北美和欧洲”正确。综上所述,本题的正确答案是a选项。
2.事实细节题。题干:根据文章可知,纳斯卡线条在_____被发现。由题干关键词“nazcalines”定位至第二段第二句话thesefinesaredeeplycarvedintoaflat,stonyplain,andformabout300intricatepicturesofanimalssuchasbirds,am,andalizard.(这些细雕被深深地雕刻成一个平坦的石质平原,并形成了大约300幅复杂的动物图片,如鸟、猴子和蜥蜴。),可知d选项“在平原”,正确。a选项“在山区”,b选项“石头上”和c选项“在动物身上”,均不是正确答案。综上所述,本题的正确答案是d选项。
3.事实细节题。题干:我们可以根据文章推断,在越高的地方看这些线条,图像展现得就会越_________。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三,四句话seenatgroundlevel,thedesignsareajumbledsenselessmess.theimagesaresolargethattheycanonlybeviewedataheightof1,000feet-meaningfromanaircraft.(从地面上看,这些设计是乱七八糟,毫无意义的东西。这些图像是如此之大,以至于只能在1000英尺的高度—也就是说从飞机上看。),也就是说,从越高的地方看这些线条,图案也就越清晰。所以本题c选项“越清晰”,符合题意。a选项“越渺小”,b选项“越庞大”,和d选项“越明亮”,均不符合题意。综上所述,本题的正确答案是c选项。
4.事实细节题。题干:人们对纳斯卡线条越来越感兴趣主要是因为__________。由题干可以定位到文章第三段前两句todaythereisanewandheightenedinterestinthenazcalines.itisadirectresultofthecreationoftheinternet.(今天,人们对纳斯卡线条有了新的更大的兴趣。它是互联网诞生的直接结果。),可知b选项“互联网的出现”,符合题意;而第三段最后一句话andevenrespectedscientistshavejoinedthediscussionthroughe-mailandchatrooms.(甚至受人尊敬的科学家也通过电子邮件和聊天室加入了讨论),是对互联网对其贡献的具体说明,不是直接原因,故a选项“科学家的参与”,不正确;c选项“新理论的诞生”和d选项“互联网的兴趣”与题干无关,故排除。综上所述,本题的正确答案是b选项。
5.观点态度题。题干:关于互联网在解决神秘事件中的作用,作者是__________。全文末句表达了作者的态度perhapsitisastepinthefightdirection.(也许这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。)这里astepintherightdirection是对这种解开不解之谜的方式的肯定,但加上perhaps之后可以感受到作者这种谨慎的态度,故a选项“谨慎的”,符合题意。b选项“悲观的”,c选项“不确定的”和d选项“乐观的”,均不是作者的态度。综上所述,本题的正确答案是a选项。
21.单选题
inthecaseofmobilephones,changeiseverything.recentresearchindicatesthatthemobilephoneischangingnotonlyourculture,butourverybodiesaswell.
first.let’stalkaboutculture.thedifferencebetweenthemobilephoneanditsparent,thefixed-linephone,isthatamobilenumbercorrespondstoaperson,whilealandlinegoestoaplace.ifyoucallmymobile,yougetme.ifyoucallmyfixed-linephone,yougetwhoeveranswersit.
thishasseveralimplications.themostcommonone,however,andperhapsthethingthathaschangedourcultureforever,isthe“meeting”influence.peoplenolongerneedtomakefirmplansaboutwhenandwheretomeet.twentyyearsago,afridaynightwouldneedtobearrangedinadvance.youneededenoughtimetoalloweveryonetogetfromtheirplaceofworktothefirstmeetingplace.now,however,anightoutcanbearrangedontherun.itisnolonger“seeyouthereat8”,but“textmearound8andwe’llseewhereweallare”.
textingchangespeopleaswell.intheirpaper,“insightsintothesocialandpsychologicaleffectsofsmstextmessaging”,twobritishresearchersdistinguishedbetweentwotypesofmobilephoneusers:the“talkers”andthe“texters”thosewhoprefervoicetotextmessageandthosewhoprefertexttovoice.
theyfoundthatthemobilephone’sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality.texterswerelikelytoreportthattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts.thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentase
未经允许不得转载:考研网上 - 考研网上辅导班有用吗 > 2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南科技大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带...
热门信息
阅读 (240)
1 湖北16所大学2021年保研率排行榜出炉,其中九高校超5%阅读 (155)
2 一周人事 南宁、桂林、贺州、河池等地发布干部任前公示,涉及上百人阅读 (143)
3 南京大学2022年硕士研究生报考人数近3万人阅读 (126)
4 【中北大学德州研究生分院首次招生】阅读 (78)
5 【22考研调剂信息汇总(126所)含29所双一流大学】