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书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-延边大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为word可编辑，若为pdf皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

onthestagemanypiecesofbluesilkwerefluctuatedto（?）theseawaves.

问题1选项

a.simplify

b.simulate

c.help

d.like

【答案】b

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。simplify“简化”；simulate“模仿；假装”；help“帮助”；like“喜欢”。句意:舞台上用了很多上下飘动的蓝色丝绸来模仿海浪。选项b符合题意。

2.单选题

?havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,（?）themselves.

问题1选项

a.expanding

b.stretching

c.prolonging

d.extending

【答案】b

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。a选项expand“扩张，使膨胀”；b选项stretch“伸展，张开”；c选项prolong“延长，拖延（延长时间）”；d选项extend“延伸，扩大，推广，伸出”。stretchoneself固定搭配的意思是“伸懒腰，伸展身体”，句意为:做完早上的工作后，职员们从桌子后面站起来，伸展伸展身体。故正确答案选b。

3.单选题

thespokesmantalkedaboutthecauseoftheaccident,butthemediadidn’tseemtobuyit.

问题1选项

a.confirm

b.exaggerate

c.accept

d.purchase

【答案】c

【解析】【选项释义】

a.confirm证实b.exaggerate夸大

c.accept接受；相信d.purchase购买

【考查点】动词辨析与熟词僻义

【解题思路】buy最常见的意义是“购买”，但原句的主语是媒体，宾语是发言人对事故原因的解释，“购买”不符合该语境。buy还有一个意义是“相信”，这个意义更符合语境，c选项accept“接受”，在表达接受某个观念时，译为“相信”。

【干扰项排除】

a选项confirm“证实”，没有依据；

b选项exaggerate“夸大”，没有依据；

d选项purchase“购买”，虽符合基本义，但不符合语境。

【句意】发言人谈到了事故的原因，但媒体似乎并不买账。

4.单选题

toreducethefinancialpressurefacingthecompany,itsmanagementhasdecidedon（）expenditurecuts.

问题1选项

a.modest

b.sweeping

c.tangible

d.considerate

【答案】b

【解析】考查形容词辨析。modest谦虚的；sweeping大规模的；tangible有形的，切实的；considerate体贴的，大量的。由前半句的financialpressure可知公司会削减开支。故b项符合句意。句意:为了减小公司面临的财务压力,其管理层决定大规模地削减开支。

5.单选题

thepolicedetectiveputtogetherthepiecesofevidencetoformone（?）account.

问题1选项

a.sensitive

b.genuine

c.expressive

d.coherent

【答案】d

【解析】考查形容词义辨析。sensitive“敏感的；感觉的”；genuine“真实的；真正的”；expressive“表现的；有表现力的”；coherent“连贯的；清晰的；一致的”。句意:这位警探将这些证据拼凑在一起形成一份连贯的报告。选项d符合题意。

6.单选题

thehistoryofmodernpollutionproblemsshowsthatmosthaveresultedfromnegligenceandignorance.wehaveashockingtendencytointerferewithnaturebeforeallofthepossibleconsequencesofouractionshavebeenstudiedindepth.weproduceanddistributeradioactivesubstances,syntheticchemicals,andmanyofotherpowerfulcompoundsbeforefullycomprehendingtheireffectsonlivingorganisms.oureducationisdangerouslyincomplete.

itwillbearguedthatthepurposeofscienceistomoveintounknownterritory,toexplore,andtodiscover.itcanbesaidthatsimilarriskshavebeentakenbefore,andthoserisksarenecessarytotechnologicalprogress.

theseargumentsoverlookanimportantelement.inthepast,riskstakeninthenameofscientificprogresswererestrictedtoasmallplaceandabriefperiodoftime.theeffectsoftheprocesseswenowstrivetomasterareneitheridealizednorbrief.airpollutioncoversvasturbanareas.oceanpollutantshavebeendiscoveredinnearlyeverypartoftheworld.syntheticchemicalsspreadoverhugestretchesofforestandfarmlandmayremaininthesoilfordecades.radioactivepollutantswillbefoundinthebiosphereforgenerations.thesizeandpersistenceoftheseproblemshavegrownwiththeexpandingpowerofmodernscience.

onemightalsoarguethatthehazardsofmodernpollutantsaresmallcomparedwiththedangersassociatedwithotherhumanactivity.noestimateoftheactualharmdonebysmog,fallout,orchemicalresiduescanobscuretherealitythattherisksarebeingtakenbeforebeingfullyunderstood.

theimportanceoftheseissuesliesinthefailureofsciencetopredictandcontrolhumaninterventionintonaturalprocesses.thetruemeasureofdangerisrepresentedbythehazardswewillencounterifweenterthenewageoftechnologywithoutfirstevaluatingourresponsibilitytotheenvironment.

1.accordingtotheauthor,themajorcauseofpollutionistheresultof（?）?.

2.accordingtothepassage,therisksbroughtaboutbymodernsciencearegreaterthanthosebyearlierscientificeffortsbecause（?）.

3.intheauthor’sopinion,thekeytothesettlementofthemodernpollutionliesin（??）.

4.itcanbeinferredthattheattitudeofscientiststowardspollutionhasbeen（?）??????.

问题1选项

a.astrongdesiretomoveintounknownterritory

b.alackofunderstandingthehistoryoftechnology

c.designingsyntheticchemicalstokilllivingorganisms

d.changingourenvironmentwithoutfullyconsideringrisks

问题2选项

a.theeffectsmaybefeltbymorepeopleforalongertime

b.technologyhasproducedmoredangerouschemicals

c.scienceisprogressingfasterthaneverbefore

d.themodernpollutantshavebeenlocalized

问题3选项

a.theexpansionofmodernscience

b.thedisposalofpotentialpollutants

c.theawarenessofourresponsibility

d.thehumaninterferencewithnature

问题4选项

a.naive

b.concerned

c.worried

d.nonchalant

【答案】第1题:d

第2题:a

第3题:c

第4题:d

【解析】1.根据第一段的一二句可知,现代污染问题的历史表明,大多数是由于疏忽和无知造成的。我们有一种令人震惊的倾向,即在深入研究我们的行为可能产生的后果之前就干预自然。也就是说,在没有充分考虑风险的情况下就改变环境。选项d符合原文。

2.根据第三的内容可知,在过去,以科学进步的名义所冒的风险被限制在一个小地方和处于短期时间内。我们现在努力掌握的工序的效果既不理想,也不会是短暂的。随着现代科学力量的不断扩大,这些（污染）问题的规模和持久性也在不断扩大。选项a符合原文。

3.根据最后一段最后一句“thetruemeasureofdangerisrepresentedbythehazardswewillencounterifweenterthenewageoftechnologywithoutfirstevaluatingourresponsibilitytotheenvironment.”如果我们进入技术的新时代而不首先评估我们对环境的责任,我们将遇到真正的危险。所以说,解决现代污染的关键在于我们的责任感。选项c正确。

4.虽然文中并没有提及科学家们,但文章在第三段和第五段提及,现代科学进步,污染问题却越来越严重,说明科学家们没有引起足够的重视,所以他们的态度是冷漠的,漠不关心的。选项d正确。

7.问答题

manyoftoday'syoungpeoplehaveadifficulttimeseeinganymoraldimensiontotheiractions.thereareanumberofreasonswhythat'strue,butnonemoreprominentthanafailedsystemofeducationthateschewsteachingchildrenthetraditionalmoralvaluesthatbindamericanstogetherasasocietyandaculture.thatfailedapproach,called"decision-making",wasintroducedinschools25yearsago.ittellschildrentodecideforthemselveswhatisrightandwhatiswrong.itreplaced"charactereducation".charactereducationdidn'taskchildrentoreinventthemoralwheel;instead,itencouragedthemtopracticehabitsofcourage,justiceandself-control.

inthe1940s,whenacharactereducationapproachprevailed,teachersworriedaboutstudentschewinggum;todaytheyworryaboutrobberyandrape.decision-makingcurriculumsposethornyethicaldilemmastostudents,leavingthemwiththeimpressionthatallmoralityisproblematicandthatallquestionsofrightandwrongareindispute.youngstersareforcedtoquestionvaluesandvirtuesthey'veneveracquiredinthefirstplaceoruponwhichtheyhaveonlyatenuoushold.theassumptionbehindthismethodisthatstudentswillarriveatgoodmoralconclusionsifonlytheyaregiventhechance.buttheactualresultismoralconfusion.

forexample,arecentnationalstudyof1,700sixth-toninth-gradersrevealedthatamajorityofboysconsideredrapetobeacceptableundercertainconditions.astoundingly,manyofthegirlsagreed.

thiskindofmoralilliteracyisfurtherencouragedbyvalues-educationprogramsthatarelittlemorethancoursesinself-esteem.theseprogramsarebasedonthequestionableassumptionthatachildwhofeelsgoodabouthimselforherselfwon'twanttodoanythingwrong.butitisjustasreasonabletomakeanoppositeassumption:namely,thatachildwhohasuncriticalself-regardwillconcludethatheorshecan'tdoanythingbad.

suchnaiveself-acceptanceresultsinlargepartfromthenon-directive,non-judgmentalas-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choicesmentalitythathaspervadedpubliceducationforthelasttwoandone-halfdecades.manyoftoday'sdrugeducation,sexeducationandvalues-educationcoursesarebasedonthesame1960sphilosophythathelpedfueltheexplosioninteendruguseandsexualactivityinthefirstplace.

meanwhile,whileeducatorsarestillfiddlingwithoutdated"feel-good"approaches,newyork,washington,andlosangelesareburning.youngstersareleavingschoolbelievingthatmattersofrightandwrongarealwaysmerelysubjective.ifyoupassastrangeronthestreetanddecidetomurderhimbecauseyouneedmoney一ifitfeelsright一yougowiththatfeeling.clearly,murderisnottaughtinourschools,butsuchaconclusion―justaboutanyconclusion—canbereachedandjustifiedusingthedecision-makingmethod.

itistimetoconsignthefadsof"decision-making"and"non-judgmentalism"totheashheapoffailedpolicies,andreturntoaprovedmethod.charactereducationprovidesamuchmorerealisticapproachtomoralformation.itisbuiltonanunderstandingthatwelearnmoralitynotbydebatingitbutbypracticingit.

【答案】inhisessaychildrenmustbetaughttotellrightfromwrong",williamkilpatrickarguesthatthe"decision-making"approachtothemoraleducationofamericanyouth,whichreplaced"charactereducation"25yearsago,haspreventedjuvenilesfrombehavingandthinkinginaccordancewiththetraditionalmoralprinciplesthatarefundamentaltoamericansociety.

accordingtokilpatrick,decision-makingmethodsinstillinstudentsawrongbeliefthatallnormsofmoralityaresubjectiveconstructswithonlyrelativetruthinthemandthereforecanbeinterpretedflexiblyandevenquestioned.thisbeliefdeprivesthemofthechancetosecuresolidmoralstandardsandcausesmisconceptionsaboutwhatshouldbeclearlyrightorwrong.

inparallelwiththisinadequacyofthe"decision-making"approacharetheunexpectedoutcomesofthosevalues-educationprogramsfocusingonstudents,self-esteemthatsupportsthe"non-judgmental"mindsetdominating"decision-making"curriculums.theirmistakenassumptionthatfeelinggoodwarrantsmoralityexcusesstudentsfromcriticizinganddiscipliningtheirownbehaviors.

basinghisconclusiononhisanalysisofthefundamentalflawsofthedecision-makingapproach,kilpatrickfinallyproposesanimmediateshiftbacktocharactereducationwhichhebelievesteachesmoralitymoreeffectivelybyemphasizingpracticeinsteadofdiscussion.

8.单选题

“museum”isaslipperyword.itfirstmeant(ingreek)anythingconsecratedtothemuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.bothplato'sacademyandaristotle'slyceumhadamouseion.amuses'shrine.althoughthegreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples—notablythatofheraatolympia(beforewhichtheolympicflameisstilllit)-hadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywell-knownmasters.whilepaintingsandsculpturesinthealexandrianmuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

theromansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings(mostlygreek)forexhibition.meanwhile,thegreekwordhadslippedintolatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant"muses'shrine".

theinspirationalcollectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries—whichfocusedonthegold—enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrs.princes,midlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems—oftenantiqueengravedones—aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot“collected”either,but“site-specific”,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem-andmostofthebuildingswerepublicones.however,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporary,sothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toemulation;andsocouldbeconsideredmuses’shrinesintheformersense.themedicigardennearsanmarcoinflorence,thebelvedereandthecapitolinromewerethemostfamousofsuchearly“inspirational”collections.soontheymultiplied,andgradually,exemplary??modem”workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries.

intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceivedthefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichthemuseedesmonumentsfrancaiswasthemostfamous.then,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtooloff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:londonacquiredthenationalgalleryandthebritishmuseum,thelouvrewasorganized,themuseum-1nselwasbeguninberlin,andthemunichgallerieswerebuilt.invienna,thehugektmsthistorischesandnaturhistorischesmuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving"collections.thevictoriaandalbertmuseuminlondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.thesentence"museumisaslipperyword"inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（?）.

2.theideathatmuseumcouldmeanamountainoranobjectoriginatesfrom

（?）.??

3."...theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined"inthethirdparagraphmeansthat

（?）.??

4.paintingsandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere

（?）.??

5.modernmuseumscomeintoexistenceinorderto

（?）.??

6.whichisthemainideaofthepassage??

问题1选项

a.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

b.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

c.thegreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheromans

d.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

问题2选项

a.theromans

b.florence

c.olympia

d.greek

问题3选项

a.therewasagreatdemandforfakers

b.fakersgrewrapidlyinnumber

c.fakersbecamemoreskillful

d.fakersbecamemorepolite

问题4选项

a.collectedfromelsewhere

b.madepartofthebuildings

c.donatedbypeople

d.boughtbychurches

问题5选项

a.protectroyalandchurchtreasures

b.improveexistingcollections

c.stimulatepublicinterest

d.raisemorefunds

问题6选项

a.collectionandcollectors

b.theevolutionofmuseums

c.modemmuseumsandtheirfunctions

d.thebirthofmuseums

【答案】第1题:b

第2题:d

第3题:c

第4题:b

第5题:a

第6题:b

【解析】1.判断推理题。slippery意为狡猾的，不稳定的。再根据下文的内容可以推测，这里是指它的意思多年来已经改变了。所以选项b正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“itfirstmeant(ingreek)anythingconsecratedtothemuses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.它最初的意思是(在希腊语中)献给缪斯女神的任何东西:一座小山、一座神殿、一座花园、一个节日，甚至是一本教科书。”由此可知选项d正确。

3.语义题。根据原文句意:随着它们的增加和扩大，作为补充，造假者的技艺变得越来越精湛。选项c符合原文。

4.细节事实题。根据第四段第一句“theywerenot‘collected’either,but‘site-specific’,andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildings...”它们不是被“收藏”，而是“特定场地的”，被认为是建筑不可或缺的一部分。选项b符合原文。

5.判断推理题。根据最后一段中“thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries...”对皇室和教堂遗迹的愤怒促使古物学家把它们（文物）藏在避难所的陈列室里。由此可知，是为了保护皇家和教堂的财富，选项a符合原文。

6.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是“museum”一词的变化过程，所以选项b最能概括全文。

9.单选题

??broadlyspeaking,i（1）theexperienceofwould-bepublicintellectualsintotwoforms.intheperiodofthe1960sand1970s,thoseworkingforsocialjustice（2）intellectualworkagainstthebackgroundofa‘worldunderconstruction’-thoughtandactionremainedalliedandthelinktopolicyremained（3）forintellectualstomovebeyondmerewordgames.

inthel980sandearly1990s,thoseintellectualsworkingforsocialjusticeineducationfaceda‘worldunderdeconstruction’-manyof（4）projectsweredismantledorcameundersustainedattack.inthislaterperiod,detachedfromactionanddivorcedfrompolicy,thepublicintellectualwasforcedintoanincreasinglyabstractpositionofarguingthroughwordsforpoliciesandactivitiesthat（5）discoursesofdisavowal,displacementandderision.thisisharshterraintooccupyandyettherearemanyexamplesofpeoplewhocontinuedto（6）socialjusticesinrace,genderandclassterms.

iamremindedofafilmiwatchedontheamericancivilwar.asthesouthwasprogressivelydefeated,（7）landwasoccupied-justafewtownsandstripsofland.intheend,thecommentatorsaidallthatwasleftwasa‘confederacyofthemind’-acollectivememoryofanaspiration.

（8）,thathasbeenthefateofmovementsforsocialjusticeandofassociatedintellectualwork（9）thepasttwodecades.butweshouldnotunderestimatethe‘confederacyofthemind’.forone（10）iwillmakewithgreatforceisthatthelargestproblemtheattemptedreconstructionofthepasttwodecades（11）-theattempttodemolishthewelfarestate-ispeople’scollectivememoryofgoodpublicservices,ofcommitmentstoprovisionforall,（12）itbeschoolsorhospitals.thevitaltasknowisto（13）,reenergizeandreinventnewprojectsandprogramsforsocialjustice,formemoriesandpredispositioninbritainremain（14）resilient.weshouldnowbe（15）defineanewrolefortheeducationalresearcherin（16）britain,anddosoinwaysinformedbycollectivememoriesofsocialjusticeinitiatives.thisshould,hopefully,presageanewinvestigationoftheroleofeducationalresearcheraspublicintellectual,movingus（17）anewphaseafterthehopefulyearsofthe1960sandearly1970sandthereversalinthetwodecadesthatfollowed.nowwecanhopeagaintherearepostmodernprospects（18）ishouldnotethatiamnot（19）re-establishingsomeoldmasternarrativeofsocialjustice-more（20）voicesandvisions,amovingmosaicofintentionsandplans.

问题1选项

a.haddivided

b.divided

c.hadbeendividing

d.havebeendividing

问题2选项

a.undertook

b.undertake

c.accepted

d.accept

问题3选项

a.farenough

b.enoughfar

c.closeenough

d.enoughclose

问题4选项

a.thedearly

b.themostdearly

c.dearly

d.themoredearly

问题5选项

a.weresubjectto

b.weresubjectedto

c.aresubjectto

d.aresubjectedto

问题6选项

a.argueagainst

b.arguefor

c.arguewith

d.argueto

问题7选项

a.moreandmore

b.more

c.less

d.lessandless

问题8选项

a.insomeway

b.insomeways

c.inaway

d.[nways

问题9选项

a.of

b.for

c.in

d.by

问题10选项

a.assertion

b.announcement

c.allege

d.assessment

问题11选项

a.willface

b.face

c.faced

d.hasfaced

问题12选项

a.rather

b.whether

c.either

d.even

问题13选项

a.reentrant

b.reinvigorate

c.reinforce

d.reeducated

问题14选项

a.remarkably

b.remarking

c.remarked

d.remarkable

问题15选项

a.lookinginto

b.lookingonto

c.lookingto

d.lookingforwardto

问题16选项

a.millenarian

b.millennium

c.millennial

d.millenary

问题17选项

a.forwardto

b.awayto

c.into

d.onto

问题18选项

a.forexploring

b.toexplore

c.withexploration

d.forexploration

问题19选项

a.talkingwith

b.talkingabout

c.talkingover

d.talkingto

问题20选项

a.alotof

b.abitof

c.anumberof

d.asetof

【答案】第1题:d

第2题:a

第3题:c

第4题:b

第5题:a

第6题:b

第7题:d

第8题:b

第9题:c

第10题:a

第11题:d

第12题:b

第13题:b

第14题:a

第15题:c

第16题:c

第17题:c

第18题:b

第19题:b

第20题:d

【解析】（1）语法题。根据文章第二句“intheperiodofthe1960sand1970s”可知，句子的时态为过去时态，是对过去事情的回忆。又根据broadlyspeaking“一般说来”，可知，空格中的动作是从过去持续到现在，并且会一直持续下去。所以选用现在完成进行时态。选项d符合题意。

（2）动词词义辨析和语法。undertake“从事，承担”；accept“接受”，根据文意:那些为社会正义而工作的人承担着智力工作。所以选用动词undertake，又根据整个文段的时态，选项a符合题意。

（3）固定搭配和语法。enough修饰形容词需要后置，选项b和d可排除。又根据上文remainedallied“保持同盟关系”，可知下文应该表示与政策相联系，使其保持足够紧密。选项c符合题意。

（4）语法题。根据文意manyof表示“在……中许多”，可知空格中应该填入最高级，副词dearly的最高级为themostdearly，选项b符合题意。

（5）固定搭配和语法。besubjectedto“经受……”，besubjectto“从属于……，有……倾向”。句意:从属于否认、替换和嘲笑的谈话。又因为整个文段为一般过去时态。选项a符合题意。

（6）固定搭配。argueagainst“反对”；arguefor“支持”；arguewith“和……争论”；没有搭配argueto，选项d可排除。根据句意:在种族、性别、阶级方面继续支持正义。选项b符合题意。

（7）推断题。根据文章第三段第二句“asthesouthwasprogressivelydefeated…”，可知随着南方逐渐被打败，越来越少的土地被占领-只有一些城镇和狭长地带。lessandless“越来越少”，moreandmore“越来越多”。选项d符合题意。

（8）固定搭配。insomeways“在某些方面，在某种程度上”；inaway“在某些程度上，有点儿”；没有搭配insomeway和inways，选项a和d可排除。句意:在某种程度上，这就是争取社会正义运功的命运。insomeways起承上启下的作用，选项b符合题意。

（9）固定搭配。固定搭配“inthepasttwodecades”意思为“在过去的二十年”，选项c符合题意。

（10）名词词义辨析。assertion“断言，声明”；announcement“公告”；allege“断言，宣称”；assessment“评定，估价”。句意:我们不应该低估“思想联盟”，我用我最大的力量去声明的一点是……，选项a符合题意。

（11）语法题。根据时态标志词thepasttwodecades“在过去的二十年”，可知句子的时态为现在完成时态，强调过去的动作对现在产生影响，选项d符合题意。

（12）逻辑关系。rather“宁可，宁愿”；whether…or“无论……还是……”；either…or“或者……或者（两者之一）”；even“甚至”。句意:承诺给所有人提供粮食，无论是学校还是医院。选项b符合题意。

（13）词汇题。reentrant“可再入的”；reinvigorate“使再振作”；reinforce“加强”；reeducated“接受再教育的”。句意:现在最重要的任务是重振、再激励和改造社会正义的新项目和计划。选项b符合题意。

（14）语法题。根据空格后的resilient形容词，词意为“有弹力的，能迅速恢复的”，可知空格中应该填入副词，用来修饰形容词，选项a符合题意。

（15）固定搭配。lookinto“调查，窥视”；lookto“注意，指望”；lookonto“朝……看”；lookforwardto“期望，期待”。句意:我们现在应该注意为研究教育者定位一个新的角色。选项c符合题意。

（16）形近词辨析和语法。millenarian“一千的”；millennium“一千年”；millennial“—千年的”；millenary“千年，一千”。根据上文提到的新计划的完成，可知项目和计划的完成需要上千年，名词britain前应该用形容词，所以选项c符合题意。

（17）固定搭配。根据搭配move…into…“将……移入……”，选项c符合题意。

（18）语法题。根据时间状语now，可知文章提到的是现在对未来的希望，所以用不定式表将来，在句子中作目的状语。选项b符合题意。

（19）固定搭配。talkwith“和……交谈”；talkabout“谈论关于……”，talkover“谈论，说服”；talkto“和……说话”。句意:我们不是在谈论关于重新建构一些关于社会正义的旧事讲述。选项b符合题意。

（20）固定搭配和语法。alotof“许多，大量”；abitof“一点点”；anumberof“大量的”；asetof“一组，一套”。根据文意moreasetofvoicesandvisions“更多的是一些声音和愿景”，选项d符合题意。

10.翻译题

whyisthenativelanguagelearntsowell?howdoesithappenthatchildrenlearntheirmothertonguesowell?whenwecomparethemwithadultslearningaforeignlanguage,weoftenfindthisinterestingfactalittlechildwithoutknowledgeorexperienceoftensucceedsinacompletemasteryofthelanguage.agrown-uppersonwithfullydevelopedmentalpowers,inmostcases,mayendupwithafaultyandinexactcommand.whataccountsforthisdifference?

despiteotherexplanations,therealanswerinmyopinionliespartlyinthechildhimself,partlyinthebehaviorofthepeoplearoundhim.inthefirstplace,thetimeoflearningthemothertongueisthemostfavorableofall,namely,thefirstyearsoflife.achildhearsitspokenfrommorningtillnightand,whatismoreimportant,alwaysinitsgenuineform,withtherightpronunciation,rightintonation,rightuseofwordsandrightstructure.hedrinksinallthewordsandexpressionswhichcometohiminafresh,ever-bubblingspring.thereisnoresistance:thereisperfectassimilation.

thenthechildhas,asitwere,privatelessonsalltheyearround,whileanadultlanguage-studenthaseachweekalimitednumberofhourswhichhegenerallyshareswithothers.thechildhasanotheradvantage:hehearsthelanguageinallpossiblesituations,alwaysaccompaniedbytherightkindofgesturesandfacialexpressions.herethereisnothingunnatural,suchasisoftenfoundinlanguagelessonsinschools,whenonetalksabouticeandsnowinjuneorscorchingheatinjanuary.andwhatachildhearsisgenerallywhatimmediatelyinterestshim.againandagain,whenhisattemptsatspeecharesuccessful,hisdesiresareunderstoodandfulfilled.

finally,thoughachild’s“teachers”maynothavebeentrainedinlanguageteaching,theirrelationswithhimarealwayscloseandpersonal.theytakegreatpainstomaketheirlessonseasy.

neweffortstoleanaboutmarstwoweeksago,theunitedstateslaunchedaspaceshipnamedmarsglobalsurveyor.itisexpectedtoarriveatmarsnextseptemberaftertravelingabout7hundredmillionkilometers.itwillorbittheplanet.itsmaintaskistomakethemostdetailedmapofmars.ondecember2nd,theunitedstatesistolaunchanotherspacecraftmarspathfinder.althoughthetwospacecraftsarenotdesignedtosearchforlife,theywillseekoutconditionsthatcouldsupportlife.

marsisthefourthplanetfromthesunthenextbeyondearth.ithasbeenabrightobjectofmysteryinthenightskysinceancienttimes.itisnamedfortheromangodofwar.becauseofthecolorofitssoilandrocks,marsisalsocalledtheredplanet.iflife,pastorpresent,istobefoundanywhereelseinthesolarsystem,scientistssay,marsisprobablythespace.theythinkmarsandearthweresimilarasyoungplanets.theybelievethatyoungmarswasmuchwarmerandwetterthanitisnow;andhadmuchthickeratmosphere.today,mars’atmosphereislessthan1%asthickasearth’s.itismostlycarbondioxidewhileearth’satmosphereismainlynitrogen.marsisabouthalfthesizeofearth.itisalmost7,000kilometersacross.ithashugevolcanoesandcanyon4,000kilometersacross,thebiggestknowninthesolarsystem.marsisalsoknownforgreatduststormswhichsometimescovertheplanet.theaveragetemperatureonmarsis53degreesbelowzerocelsius.mars’warmatmosphereis27abovezero.

insomeplacesthemartiansurfacelookslikeadesertonearth.inothers,itlookslikethesurfaceofourmoon.bystudyingmars,scientistssaywecanhopetolearnmoreaboutthehistoryandperhapsthefutureofourownplanet.surfaceonmarsthatarealmost4,000millionyearsoldshowremainsofancientlakes.thesesuggestthatthatliquidwateronceflowed.marswaterishiddenunderitssurfacenow.instrumentsonthespacecraftwillsearchforit.

extinctionstalksworld’stigersunlessgovernmentstakesignificantmeasurestoprotecttigers,theymaygoextinctby2010,theworldwildlifefundsaidthursday.

theconservationgroupsaidtigernumbershavedecreased95percentinthepastcenturyandonly5,000—7,200tigersstillsurviveinthewild—comparedwithnearly10timesthatmanyatthestartofthecentury.

wwf,publishedanupdatefeb.11,2019oftheirstudy—wantedalive:tigersinthewild,markingtheendofthechineseyearofthetiger.

thereportstatesthatdespitesustainedeffortsoverthepastyear,muchremainstobedonetopr

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