2021年北京大学哲学考研初试真题(2021年北京大学录取分数线是多少)--考研网上

科学技能史
一、名词说明
1.张衡
2.天体运转论
3.才智宫
4.米利都学派
二、简答题
临哲学考研
1.我国创造攻略针的意义
2.大学呈现的社会布景
3.盖伦的医学作用
三、论说题
1.论说科举制对我国科学和技能的影响
2.论说17世纪英国技能和社会的联络
3.论说第次科学改造时期技能对科学的作用
科学哲学
一.简答题
1.掩盖率
2.科学真实论
3.研讨纲要
4.波普尔的科学划界标准
5.调查渗透理论
二、论说题
临哲学考研
1.论说归纳主义及其疑问
2.论说何为常规科学
3.反科学
我国哲学史
一、名词说明(5x10 分)
1.忠恕
2.玄德
3.三表
4.太虚.
5.形而上
6.气质之性
二、简答题(10x6分)一
1.道通为一
护哲学考研
2.天人感应
3.不真空论
4.无极而太极
5.知行合一
6.血气心知
三、论说题(20x2 分)
1.荀子回答孟子性善论的一段材料，分析资猜中的人道论观念
2.论说道祖传统对天然观念的了解
西方哲学史一
一、简答题
1.简述亚里士多德运动三来历
2.奥古斯丁为啥说真理是光照
3.霍布斯为啥说“哲学的办法是加减”
4.简述康德的“先验幻相”
二、问答题
1.分析伊奥尼亚学派与中达哥拉斯派“变与不变”，爱利亚派和元素
论“一与多”的观念
14
2.论说闸明黑格尔《精力表象学》中如何论说自我知道的?
西方哲学史二
一.简答题
1.简述笛卡尔如何证明差错的来历
2.简述贝克菜如何证明存在就是被感知
3.简述阿奎那如何阐明存在与本质
4.苏格拉底对话中运用的办法意图、进程、成果阐明，并引证抱负国
第一卷里同年代的人对苏格拉底的对立
国古哲学考研
二、论说题
1.有人说伊壁鸠鲁的“高兴”来自于亚里士多德的“高兴”，请别离
说明两者并对其进行比照
2.论说康德先验唯心论的内容和动机
归纳考试
我国哲学有些
一、简答题
1.尚同
2.以无为本
3.太虚即气尚同
二、论说题.
人之性恶，其善者伪也。.
面今人之性，生而有好利焉，顺是，故抢夺生而推让亡焉:生而有
疾恶焉，顺是，故残贼生而忠信亡局:生而有耳目之欲，有好声色焉,
顺是，故淫乱生而礼义文理亡焉。然则从人之性，顺人之情，必出于
抢夺，合于犯分乱理，而归于暴。故必将有师法之化，礼义之道，然
后出于推让，合于文理，而归于治。用此观之，人之性恶明矣，其善
者伪也。
联系材料，分析荀子的观念。
现代西方哲学有些
简答题(四选三)
1.弗雷格如何用望远镜看月亮比方来阐明指称、意义和观念
(idea)的区别
厄，
2.胡塞尔先验复原与本质复原的联络与差异
学店
3.a.the present king of france is bald
b.the present king of france is not bald
根据以上比方，两个相反出题同为假，违背排中律，简述罗素是
如何用摹状词理论为排中律辩解的?
4.海德格尔在世之介意味啥?
论说题(二选一)
1.举例论说并阐明萨特的自欺理论
2.材料:
i can think of no better expression to characterize these similarities than“fumily
resemblances"; for the various resemblances between members of a family a build,
features, colour of cyes, gait, temperament, and so on and so forth a overlap and
criss-cross in the same way. a and i shall say: form a family.
and likewise the kinds of number, for example, form a family. why do we call
something a“number? well, perhaps because it has 8- dircct- afnityt with
several things that have hitherto been called "number”。and this can be said to give it
an indirect afifnity with other things that we also call“numbers". and we extend our
coneept of number, a in spinning a thread we twist ffibre on ffibre. and the strength
of the thread resides not in the fact that some one fifibre runs through its whole length,
but in the overlapping of many ffibres,
but if someone wanted to say,“so there is something common to all these
construtions a namely, the disjunction

of all their common properties" a id reply:
now you are only playing with a word. one might as well say, "there is a something
that runs through the whole thread a namely. the continwous overlapping of these
ffibres".
"right; so in your view the concept of number is explained as the logical sum of
those individual interrelated concepts: cardinal numbers, rational numbers, real
numbers, and s0 forth; und in the same way, the concept of a game as the logical sum
of corresponding sub-concepts."
this need not be so. for i can give the concept
of number rigid boundaries |33| in this way, that is, use the word“number” for a
rigidly bounded concept; but i can also use it so that the extension of the concept is
not closed by a boundary. and this is how we do use the word“game". for how is the concept of a game bounded? what still counts as a game, and what no longer does?
can you say where the boundaries are? no. you can draw some, for there arent any
drawn yet. (but this never bothered you before when you used the word“game*")
“but then the use of the word is unregulated a the game’ we play with it is
unregulated."一it is not everywhere bounded by rules; but no more are there any
rules for how high one may throw the ball in tennis, or how hard, yet tennis is a game
for all that, and has rules too.
how would we explain to somneone what a game is? i think that wed describe
games to him, and we might add to the description: "this and similar things are called
t tell others
exactly what a game is? a but this is not ignorance. we dont know the boundaries
because none have been drawn. to repeat, we can draw a boundary a for a special
purpose. does it take this to make the concept usable? not at al! except pertups for
that special purpose. no more than it took the deffinition: 1 pace = 75 cm to make the
measure of length usable. and if you want to say“but sill, before that it
wasn, then i reply: all right, s0 it was an inexact one. a
though you still owe me a definition of exactness.
philosophical investigations 67-69
(可以较真题原文有出入)
第二段材料为柏拉图theaetetus (《泰阿泰德篇》)选段，苏格
拉底和泰阿泰德对常识的谈论，材料略。
分析二者在办法论.上的差异，并谈谈在“常识的本质”这一疑问
上你选择哪一情绪，以及理由。
我国美学(含我国哲学)
一.名词说明(4x5 分)
1.忠恕
2.三远
3.畅神
4.片刻生灭
二、简答题(3x20分)
哲学考研
1.简述孟子 “以意逆志”
2.简述形而上学“贵无”论
3.简述严羽“以禅喻诗”
三、论说题(2x35 分)
1.论说唐诗和宋词在方法美和审美抱负上的异同
2.举例论说近代以来我国美学受西方思潮的影响
西方美学(含西方哲学)
一、名词说明(4x5分)
1.净化(亚里士多德)
2.无好坏性(康德)
3.古典型艺术(黑格尔)
4.酒神精力(尼采)
二、简答题(50分)
1.在《诗学》中，亚里士多德说“诗是比前史更赋有哲学性，更
严厉的艺术”，联系《诗学》这一.文本分析这句话的意涵(10 分) .
2.简述夏夫兹博里的美学思维(10 分)
3.评述康德的崇高理论(15 分)
4.简述和谈论里普斯的“审美移情说”的意义(15 分)
三、论说题(2x25 分)
1.评述现代艺术概念的来历及其对美学史研讨的意义
2.简述海德格尔在《艺术作品的本源》中的首要观念，并谈论其
对当今美学和艺术理论研讨的意义

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