2005年考研英语阅览真题及解析【第一篇】--考研网上

passage1注解：标题为赤色，翻译为蓝色，分析为绿色。????????everybody loves a fat pay rise. yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking偷闲, you might even be outraged. such behaviour is regarded as, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of thisfinely developed sense of grievance. but a study by sarah brosnan and frans de waal of emory university in atlanta, georgia, which has just been published in nature, suggests that it is all too m, as well.
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1.slack偷闲，lack短少，=be short of
2.grievance 谐音“格林问死”，因为格林对自个非常重要的人死因至今不明，所以怀着怒火中烧的心境，必定要找仇人问个理解，所以就诞生出“格林问死”。
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????????the researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin ms. they look cute. they are good-natured, co-operative creatures, andthey share their food readily. above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of s study. the researchersspent two years teaching their ms to exchange tokens for food. normally, the ms were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. however, when two ms were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
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1.brown棕色 brow眉毛：差异回想：brown谐音：不老翁，不倒翁。家里有个棕色的不倒翁。 brow谐音：不劳。他眉头一皱，说：不劳烦你了。
2.ready事前预备好的 readily愿意地：内联回想：因为这是我事前预备好的，所以很愿意给你。
3.take曩昔式took，曩昔分词taken 而token代币，在某种程度上，可以说是take的曩昔分词taken改a为o变成的新单词。token内联回想：便于带着，而且可用于生意的代币，叫token。因为人类前期是物物交流，为了带着便利，所以呈现了运用币。token是为了留念带着便利，故用taken的曩昔分词的变形。
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????????in the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). so when one m was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. and if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual m to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
????????the researchers suggest that capuchin ms, like humans, are guided by social emotions. in the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. however, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
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1.righteous 从词面上看，就是权力对等的。故righteous公正公正的。
2.indignation=文章中的outraged。
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一、文章规划分析
这是一篇谈论文。这是一篇关于动物行为与动物心思的文章。
文章首段经过首要介绍人憎恶不公正的行为表象引出山公和人相同也有这种情感，
第二、三、四段经过一些研讨者对雌性山公的行为进行了研讨证明具体证明晰这一观念。
最终一段在以上研讨的基础进一步对这一结论做出了阐明。
21. in the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by.
[a] posing a contrast
[b] justifying an assumption
[c] making a comparison
[d] explaining a phenomenon
21.在文章初步期间，作者引入主题的办法是。
【a】提出一个比照
【b】证明一种假定是正确的
【c】进行类推
【d】说明一种表象
22. the statement(last line, paragraph i) implies that.
[a] ms are also outraged by slack rivals
[b] resenting unfairness is also ms nature
[c] ms, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other
[d] no animals other than ms can develop such emotions
22.（第一段最终一行）的语句“it is all too m”意味着。
【a】山公也会被懒散的对手激怒
【b】仇恨不公正也是山公的天资
【c】和人相同，山公也一般彼此吃醋
【d】除了山公，没有其他动物可以发生这样的情感
23. female capuchin ms were chosen for the research most probably because they are.
[a] more inclined to weigh what they get
[b] attentive to researchers instructions
[c] nice in both appearance and temperament
[d] more generous than their male companions
23.雌卷尾猴被选来做研讨最有可所以因为它们。
【a】更喜爱权衡比照她们所得到的东西
【b】留心遵循研讨者的指令
【c】表面和性格都极好
【d】比雄卷尾猴大方
24. dr. brosnan and dr. de waal have eventually found in their study that the ms.
[a] prefer grapes to cucumbers
[b] can be taught to exchange things
[c] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated
[d] are unhappy when separated from others
24.布卢斯南博士和德·瓦尔博士究竟在研讨中发现山公。
【a】喜爱葡萄甚于喜爱黄瓜
【b】可以被教会交流物品
【c】假定觉得受了诈骗就不会协作
【d】假定与其他山公分隔就会不高兴
25. what can we infer from the last paragraph?
[a] ms can be trained to develop social emotions.
[b] human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[c] animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[d] cooperation among ms remains stable only in the wild.
25.根据最终一段咱们可以推知啥？
【a】经过练习，山公可以构成社会情感。
【b】人类的愤恨源自啥不得而知。
【c】动物一般像人类相同揭露表达其情感。
【d】山公间的协作只需在户外才干坚持平稳。
二、中心词汇与超纲词汇
1.a fat pay rise 丰富的加薪
2.vanish v.不见，不复存在
3.reputation n.名声，声望
4.slack adj.松懈的，懒散的
5.outrage n./v.暴行；激怒，致使……义愤
6.underlying adj.潜在的，宛转的
7.assumption n.假定，想象
8.grievance n.愤懑，不平；诉苦
9.good-natured 和蔼的，和蔼的
10.counterpart n.极类似的人或物，对应的人或物
11.ca

ndidate n.提名人，应试者
12.token n.标志的东西，代币
13.adjoining adj.连着的
14.in return for作为（对…….的）交流/酬谢/酬谢
15.markedly adv.显着地，显着地
16.toss v.扔，抛
17.resentment n.愤恨，仇恨
18.righteous adj.合理的，耿直的，公正的
19.preserve v.保存，维护
20.reward n.酬劳，奖金
21.evolve v.逐步构成，进化
22.stem from 源于……，由....构成
三、阅览答案：c b a c b
四、全文翻译：?
????????人人都喜爱丰富的加薪，可是当你得知一位火伴薪水加得比你还要多的时分，那么加薪带给你的高兴就不见得无影无踪了。实际上，假定他还有懒散的名声的话，你甚至变得勃然大怒。这样的行为被看作是“人之常情”，它潜在的假定是其他动物不可以能有这种高度兴隆的不满知道。可是由佐治亚州亚特兰大埃里极大学的萨拉·布鲁斯南和弗兰·德·瓦尔进行的一项研讨却标明，它也是“猴之常情”。
????????这项研讨作用刚刚宣告在《天然》杂志上。研讨者们对雌性棕色卷尾猴的行为进行了研讨。这些山公看起来很心爱，她们生性温文，乐于协作，而且愿意共享食物。最重要的是，像人类女人相同，它们一般比雄性更注重“物品和效能”的价值。这些特征使它们变成布鲁斯南博士和德·瓦尔博士抱负的研讨目标。两位研讨人员花了两年时刻教这些山公用代币交流食物。正常情况下，山公非常愿意用石块交流黄瓜片。可是，当两只山公被安设在离隔但相邻的两个房间里，可以彼此看见对方用石块换回来啥东西时，山公的行为就会变得显着不一样。
????????在卷尾猴的世界里，葡萄是奢华品（比黄瓜受等待得多）。所以当一只山公用一个代币换回一颗葡萄时，第二只山公就不愿意用自个的代币只换回一片黄瓜。假定一只山公根柢无须用代币就可以得到一颗葡萄的话，那么另一只山公就会将代币掷向研讨人员或许扔出房间外，或许回绝承受那片黄瓜。实际上，只需在另一房间呈现了葡萄（不管有没有山公吃它），都足致使使雌卷尾猴的仇恨。
????????研讨人员指出，正如人类相同，卷尾猴也受社会情感的分配。在户外，它们是协作、群居的物种。只需当每只山公都感到自个没有遭到诈骗时，这种协作才可以平稳。不公正而致使的愤恨感如同不是人类的专利。回绝承受较少的酬劳可以让这些心境精确无误地传达给其他成员。可是这种公正感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成，仍是来自三千五百万年?且黄鸬淖嫦龋庵两袢允且桓鲇写鸶吹囊晌省?br>

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