[心]考研英语高频词汇打卡(十二)Par...来自海脉考研萌酱-微博(心)--考研网上

??考研英语划要点11个长难句高频常考句型汇总[背诵版]

复合句型-状语从句?

一、理论常识

状语从句归于副词性从句,简略说就是从句在语句中担任状语分为时刻、

意图、地址条件、方法、让步、比照、成果、缘由9种状语从句。

时刻引导词:when,afire,before，while，until，till，since，as soon as, the moment等

地址引导词: where , wherever等

缘由引导词: because , since- now that ,a8等

条件引导词: if, whether ; unless , as long as ,on condition that , providing that等

成果引导词:so/ such... that,so等

意图引导词: in order that, 8o that等

让步引导词: though ; although , however，whatever-no matter what even if ,

even though,as (倒装)等

方法引导词:as, as if等

比照引导词:than，as .. as , the more... , the more...等

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二、真题举例

例句1 : while formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this

role，informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development.

[要点词汇解析]transmit .传输、传达vi. 传输、发射信号x in )formal ,adj. (非) 正式的

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[参阅翻译]尽管正式的学习进程是由选择出来担任此人物的教师来进行的,

非正式的学习进程却是作为孩子生长的天然一有些而结束的。

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例句2: while it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others，and thus lead to conflict , it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable , although competition is .

[要点词汇解析territory ,n疆域、地图;expense ,n. 价值、丢掉vt. ....收取费用; inevitable , adj.不可以避免的

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[参阅翻译]尽管这种竞赛会引发以别人利益为价值的疆域扩展行为,因而也会引发冲突,但却不能认为类似于战争的国家间的冲突不可以避免, 尽管竞赛是不可以避免的。

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例句3 : while it is true that to date the internet seems 1o be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case.

[要点词汇解析] favor,vt.喜爱、撑持n喜爱

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[参阅翻译]尽管迄今中止互联网如同愈加喜爱世界社会中的兴隆领域,而非不太兴隆的领域,情

形并不老是如此。复合句型定语从句在复合句中作定语,润饰主句中某-名词或代词的从句。

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规划:先行词+联络词(分为联络副词和联络代词)+从句

联络代词( that, who , which , whose , a5)

联络副词(when , where，why , how)

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定语从句分为捆绑性定语从句及非捆绑定语从句,限制从直接放在先行词后，非限制从与先行词之间要加逗号。

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二、真题举例

例句1 : the aswan dam , for example。stopped the nile flooding but deprived egypt of the fertile sit that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity 。

[要点词汇解析] deprive s b. of s t h.掠夺或人某物; silt, n.淤泥v. (使)淤塞

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[参阅翻译]例如,阿斯旺大坝阻挡了尼罗河的洪水侵袭,可是也夺去了埃及的洪水留下的肥美淤泥--这-切换来的却是一个无量的病态的水库,这个水库积满了淤泥，致使于几乎不能发电了。

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例句2 : the second , by joshua green berg , takes a more empirical approach to universality，identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages ,which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints(2012,49)

[要点词汇解析] empirical , adj.经历主义的; result from ....构成;cognitive , adj.认知的

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[参阅翻译]第二个为此做出尽力的人是约书亚格林伯格,他选用经历主义的办法来研讨广泛性,招认多种言语(特别是语序方面的)一起特征,这些特征被认为是体现了因为认知捆绑性而带来的成见。

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例句3: his function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision . (2006.47)

[要点词汇解析] analogous , adj类似的; reveal. v t.揭踞; reason,n.理由v.推论

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[参阅翻译]他的责任类似于法官的责任,后者有必要承担起这样的责任:用尽可以显着的方法来提示让他做出抉择的推理进程。

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复合句型-同位语从句

一、理论常识

同位语从句是对其前面的笼统名词(例如:idea，insistence , instruction , order，plan，proposal 等)进行说明阐明,被说明阐明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表联络。同位语从句的规划必定是先行词加弓导词加上从句的构成, that并不是仅有可以引导同位语从句的引导词，whether ，why , who.从句必定要具有无缺的语句规划,主谓宾都有必要完全,引导词不充当任何成分。

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常见先行词:

belief，fact ，hope ，idea ，doubt， news ，rumor ，conclusionevidence ,suggestion，problem，order , answer , decision，discovery , explanation，information，knowledge，law , opinion，truth，promise , report，thought，statement ,rule , possibility .

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二、真题举例

例句1 : scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them . (20 10,46)

[要点词汇解析] distinctly , adv.显着地; cat up 吃光、耗尽

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[参阅翻译]科学家匆促用一些显着站不住脚的根据去抢救,根据内容是假定鸟类不能控制昆虫的话,他们会把咱们吃光。

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例句2 : but the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions andspecial responsibilities of the media .(2007.48)

[要点词汇解析] profoundly , adv.深化地; rest on依托、信赖

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[参阅翻译]可是新闻记者有必要比一般公民更深化的了解法令, 这种观念依靠于新闻媒体对常规和特别责任的了解。

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例句3 x generally there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states ，large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a common set of laws.

[要点词汇解析]sovereign,n.君主、独立国adj. 有主权的;viable ,adj.可行的; integrate,v. (..... )成全体adj. 联系的

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[参阅翻译]他们广泛认为重生的国家是具有主权和完全独立的国家,大到经济上可运转杰出，并由- 套一起法令让各个新的独立国家联合起来。

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并排句型

一、理论常识

由并排连词联接、富含两个或更多主谓规划的语句叫并排句。

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标明转机比照联络的并排连词

1. but

2.yet可是;尽管如此

3. while而,可是，可是，却

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标明因果联络的并排连词

1. for因为

2. so因而

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标明选择联络的连词or

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标明并排联络的并排连词

1. and和，同，与,又，而且

2. not only .. but also ....不.....且

3. neither .. nor ...既不...也不

4. both... and... ...又.

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其他并排连词

1. not... but...不.....是

2. rather than而不是;与.其...甘愿

3. when合理那时,恰当于and at that time

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二、真题举例

例句1 : in the american economy , the concept of private property embraces not?only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights。including the right?to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private?individual.

[要点词汇解析] embrace, v. 拥抱、包括n. 拥抱; productive, adj. 出产(性)的; contract,n.合同v订约

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[参阅翻译]在美国经济中私有工业的概念不只包括对出产本钱的一切权,也指其他一些特定的权力 ,如断定一个产品价格和与另 -个私家个别安适签定合

同的权力。

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例句2 : in addition ，the computer programs a company uses to estimate?relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation .

[要点词汇解析] estimate,vi估量、评价v t 估量、评价n. 估量、判别;patent,n.专利权v t.公布专利

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[参阅翻译]另外,有的公司用来判定联络的核算机程序或许现已请求了专利维护,并不承受同行评定或外界的评价。

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倒装句型

一、理论常识

倒装句的几种方法

1.以here，there ,then , now , next引出的倒装句。

here comes the special guest of the party .

there seem to be many beautiful girls in the university .

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2.以表地址的介词短语引出的倒装句。

at the school gate stood an old woman .

under the tree are sting some students .

on the bed lay a big teddy bear.

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留心:主语为代词是不必倒装。

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3.以标明方位的副词引出的倒装句。

off went the horse .

down fell a dozen apples .

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4.否定词或具有否定意义的词及词组用在句首。

never have i seen such a good teacher.

not a moment did he waste on campus.

by no means should she be left alone .

under no circumstances will i believe you .

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5. only置于句首。

only in this way can we make a difference .

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6. as/ though引导让步状语从句。

rich as he is, he spends a cent on charity .

try as 1 though he does , he never seems able to get a high score in the exams。

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7.在虚拟条件句中连词if省珞时,即将were , had , should等词说到句首。

were i you , i would take this chance.

should he come tomorrow , he would help us to settle the problem.

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二、真题举例

odd though it sounds ，cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence?of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics . and many astrophysicists?have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

[要点词汇解析] plausible ,adj.形似可信的; consequence ,n.成果、推论;

astrophysicist , n.天体物理学家

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[参阅翻译]尽管它听起来很新鲜, 世界胀大说是在基础粒子物理学中的一些公认的观念在科学上形似可信的推论，而且许多天体物理学家在近十年中现已

信赖这种理论是真实的。

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刺进句型规划

一、理论常识

刺进规划标明说话人的情绪和观点,说明或许阐明整个语句, 去掉之后语句仍然无缺。刺进规划的成分可所以副词、描述词短语、介词短语、不定式短语、

分词短语或许主谓规划。在这就纷歧--论说了。但值得留心的是刺进语的翻译,有些刺进语, 特别是位于句首的刺进语,可坚持原文中的词序。可是,在许多情况下,需要对英语原文语句的次序作必要的调整,使译文契合汉语习气。

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二、真题举例

but , for a small group of students ，professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills ，all other factors being equal ，can be the difference?between having a job and not .

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[参阅翻译]可是,对一小有些学生来说,专业练习也是条可取的途径。因为在其他要素相同的情况下,技能的熟练是得到作业与否的要害。

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偏重句型规划

一、理论常识

偏重首要有两种方法:

1.偏重谓语.

eg1 : i love you. - -> ido love you. - -> i did love you .

eg2 : cell phone 1 internet 1 computer brings us convenience.-> cell phone / internet / computer docs bring us convenience.

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2.偏重句式: it is/ was +被偏重成分+that 1 who +语句其他成分。

[进程]

a.先写出正确的简略句、并排句或复合句,清楚单句的各个成分。

b.在被偏重成分(除谓语和补语外)两端添加it is /was和that /who,其他成分不变，必要时调整次序。[偏重句式特征]去掉it is/ was .. that/ who规划,整个语句无冗余或成分残损。

eg1 : my mother always encourages me not to lose heart when i have?difficulties in study .

- -> it is my mother who i that always encourages me not to lose heart when i?have difficulties in study .- -> it is when i have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me?not to lose heart.

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